Spherical ASTM A514 Steel Powder, grade L

ASTM A514 Steel Spherical Powder, grade L, plate thickness ≤ 19 mm Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A514 Steel Spherical Powder, grade L, plate thickness ≤ 19 mm Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical ASTM A514 Steel Powder, grade L characteristics -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical ASTM A514 Steel Powder, grade L Particle Size -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- -:- 0-15μm ,5-25μm, 15-45μm, 15-53μm,20-63um, 45-75μm, 45-105μm, 45-150μm ,75-150μm. (Various granularities can be customized according to customer requirements) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Spherical ASTM A514 Steel Powder, grade L Applicable processes -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Laser/electron beam additive manufacturing (SLM/EBM, 3D printing) Direct laser deposition (DLD) Used in thermal spray (TSA) Powder hot isostatic pressing (HIP) Metal injection molding (MIM) Powder metallurgy (PM) Laser cladding (LC), etc. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical ASTM A514 Steel Powder, grade L Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A514 Steel, grade L, plate thickness ≤ 19 mm Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ## **Technical Data Sheet: ASTM A514 Steel, Grade L (Plate Thickness ≤ 19 mm / 0.75 in)** ### **1. Product Overview** ASTM A514 Grade L is a specialized ultra-high-strength, quenched and tempered alloy steel plate representing the most advanced metallurgical optimization within the A514 specification for thin-section applications. Engineered to deliver exceptional combinations of strength, toughness, and weldability, Grade L provides a **minimum yield strength of 110 ksi (760 MPa)** for thicknesses up to 19 mm, establishing it as one of the highest-strength commercially available structural steels. This premium grade is distinguished by its carefully balanced alloying system that prioritizes maximum strength while maintaining adequate toughness for critical applications in aerospace, defense, high-performance machinery, and specialized structural components where weight reduction is paramount and performance cannot be compromised. ### **2. International Standards & Specifications** - **Primary Standard:** ASTM A514/A514M - *Standard Specification for High-Yield-Strength, Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Plate, Suitable for Welding* - **Dimensional Standard:** ASTM A6/A6M - **Supplementary Standards:** - ASTM A898 (Straight Beam Ultrasonic Examination) - ASTM A20 (General Requirements when specified) - **International Equivalents:** - **EN Standard:** EN 10025-6 Grade **S770QL/QL1** (closest strength equivalent, 770 MPa yield) - **ISO Standard:** ISO 4950-3 Grade **EQ 770** (770 MPa yield strength class) - **JIS Standard:** JIS G3128 **SHY785** (Japanese 785 MPa yield strength grade) - **Aerospace Standards:** AMS 6520 (similar strength aerospace steel) - **Defense Standards:** MIL-S-46163 (military specification high-strength steel) - **Note:** Direct chemical equivalents are limited due to Grade L's unique metallurgical optimization ### **3. Chemical Composition (Heat Analysis, % by Weight)** | Element | Min (%) | Max (%) | Metallurgical Function | |---------|---------|---------|------------------------| | Carbon (C) | 0.13 | 0.20 | Carefully controlled for maximum strength without compromising weldability | | Manganese (Mn) | 1.00 | 1.40 | Enhanced range for superior hardenability and solid solution strengthening | | Phosphorus (P) | — | 0.025 | Ultra-low maximum for optimal toughness and weldability | | Sulfur (S) | — | 0.015 | Extremely low to maximize transverse properties and fracture toughness | | Silicon (Si) | 0.40 | 0.80 | Deoxidizer and solid solution strengthener | | Chromium (Cr) | 0.60 | 0.90 | Enhanced for maximum hardenability and strength retention | | Molybdenum (Mo) | 0.20 | 0.35 | Critical for strength retention during tempering and deep hardenability | | Nickel (Ni) | 0.30 | 0.60 | Improves toughness and provides secondary strengthening | | Copper (Cu) | 0.20 | 0.40 | Atmospheric corrosion resistance and solid solution strengthening | | Vanadium (V) | 0.03 | 0.08 | Grain refinement and precipitation strengthening | | Titanium (Ti) | 0.010 | 0.030 | Grain size control through nitride formation | | Zirconium (Zr) | 0.05 | 0.15 | Grain refinement and inclusion shape control | | **Boron (B)** | **0.001** | **0.005** | **Powerful hardenability enhancer, critical for achieving 110 ksi in thin plate** | | **Niobium (Nb)** | **0.010** | **0.040** | **Grain refinement and precipitation strengthening (when specified)** | **Key Metallurgical Features:** - **Carbon Equivalent (Ceq):** Typically 0.65-0.72 (IIW formula) - **Alloy Optimization:** Balanced for maximum strength with controlled toughness - **Cleanness Requirements:** Often specified with stringent inclusion control (ASTM E45 Method D) - **Tramp Element Control:** Sn ≤ 0.015%, As ≤ 0.015%, Sb ≤ 0.015%, Pb ≤ 0.015% ### **4. Mechanical & Physical Properties (For Thickness ≤ 19 mm)** | Property | Specification Requirement | Typical Value | Test Standard | |----------|--------------------------|---------------|-------------| | **Yield Strength (Rp0.2), min** | **110 ksi (760 MPa)** | 115 – 125 ksi (795 – 860 MPa) | ASTM A370 | | **Tensile Strength (Rm)** | **125 – 145 ksi (860 – 1000 MPa)** | 130 – 140 ksi (895 – 965 MPa) | ASTM A370 | | **Elongation in 2 in. (50 mm), min** | **16%** | 18 – 22% | ASTM A370 | | **Reduction of Area, min** | **40%** | 45 – 55% | ASTM A370 | | **Brinell Hardness** | **255 – 321 HBW** | 270 – 310 HBW | ASTM E10 | | **Charpy V-Notch Impact Energy** | **20 ft-lb (27 J) min** at specified temperature* | 25 – 50 J at -18°C (0°F) | ASTM A370 | | **Fracture Toughness (K₁c)** | — | 100 – 150 MPa√m at room temperature | ASTM E399 | | **Modulus of Elasticity** | — | 29,500 ksi (203 GPa) | — | | **Shear Modulus** | — | 11,500 ksi (79 GPa) | — | | **Poisson's Ratio** | — | 0.29 | — | | **Density** | — | 0.284 lb/in³ (7.85 g/cm³) | — | | **Thermal Conductivity** | — | 27 W/m·K at 100°C | — | | **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion** | — | 11.3 × 10⁻⁶/°C (20-100°C) | — | | **Fatigue Strength (R=0.1)** | — | ~70 ksi (480 MPa) at 2×10⁶ cycles | — | *Test temperature typically specified by purchaser; common requirements are 0°F (-18°C) or -20°F (-29°C) ### **5. Heat Treatment & Microstructural Characteristics** - **Condition as Supplied:** Quenched and Tempered (Q&T) - **Quenching Method:** Intensive water or accelerated polymer quenching - **Tempering Temperature:** 1100-1200°F (593-649°C) – optimized for strength retention - **Microstructure:** Very fine tempered martensite with uniform, fine carbide dispersion - **Prior Austenite Grain Size:** ASTM 8-9 (exceptionally fine) - **Hardenability:** Extremely high for thin sections due to optimized B-Mn-Cr-Mo synergy - **Inclusion Control:** Stringent requirements for Type A, B, C, and D inclusions ### **6. Key Product Characteristics** 1. **Maximum Strength-to-Weight Ratio:** Among the highest commercially available structural steels 2. **Exceptional Stiffness:** Higher modulus-to-weight ratio than standard structural steels 3. **Controlled Toughness:** Maintains adequate impact resistance despite ultra-high strength 4. **Good Fatigue Resistance:** Suitable for high-cycle fatigue applications 5. **Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance:** Approximately 2× better than carbon steel 6. **Precision Fabrication Capability:** Suitable for high-tolerance machining and finishing ### **7. Primary Applications** **Aerospace & Defense:** - Military vehicle armor support structures and mounting plates - Aircraft landing gear components and support structures - Missile launch system structural components - Radar and communication equipment structural supports - Portable bridge and rapid deployment system components **High-Performance Machinery:** - Ultra-high-pressure hydraulic cylinder barrels and components - Precision injection molding machine platens and tie bars - High-speed press frames and critical components - Robotic arm structural members and precision mounting plates - Machine tool structural components requiring maximum stiffness **Transportation & Racing:** - High-performance vehicle chassis and roll cage components - Motorcycle and race car structural frames - Heavy-duty truck suspension and chassis components - Specialized trailer components for maximum payload-to-weight ratio - Racing bicycle frames and components **Material Handling & Lifting:** - Ultra-high-capacity crane boom chord sections - Heavy-duty forklift mast components and carriage plates - Specialized lifting equipment structural members - Container handling equipment critical stress components - Aerial work platform structural components **Specialized Industrial Equipment:** - High-strength machine tool bases and columns - Precision measurement equipment frames and supports - Optical and scientific instrument structural components - High-vacuum chamber structural supports - Semiconductor manufacturing equipment structural components ### **8. Fabrication Guidelines** **Welding (Requires Extreme Precision):** - **Filler Metals:** Specialty high-strength electrodes (E12018, E13018 or equivalent) - **Preheat Temperature:** **300-400°F (149-204°C)** mandatory - **Interpass Temperature:** Maximum **350°F (177°C)** - **Post-Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT):** **Mandatory**, typically 1100°F (593°C) minimum - **Welding Processes:** GTAW (TIG) preferred for critical joints; precise control of SMAW and GMAW - **Essential Practice:** Ultra-stringent low-hydrogen procedures with baked electrodes and dry shielding gas **Cutting & Edge Preparation:** - **Plasma Cutting:** Preferred method with minimal heat input - **Abrasive Waterjet:** Excellent for precision cutting with no HAZ - **Laser Cutting:** Suitable for thicknesses within machine capacity - **Oxy-Fuel Cutting:** **Not recommended** due to excessive HAZ and potential cracking - **Edge Preparation:** All cut edges must be ground to bright metal before welding **Machining Operations:** - **Tool Materials:** Premium carbide grades (C3/C4) or ceramic inserts - **Cutting Parameters:** 100-180 SFM with light to moderate feeds - **Coolant:** High-pressure coolant essential for heat dissipation and chip control - **Tool Geometry:** Positive rake angles with sharp cutting edges - **Workholding:** Extremely rigid setups required to prevent chatter and vibration **Forming & Bending:** - Minimum bend radius: **5-6× plate thickness** - Cold forming extremely limited; hot forming recommended - Hot forming at 1650-1750°F (899-954°C) with subsequent full re-heat treatment - Springback allowance: **15-25°** for typical 90° bends ### **9. Quality Assurance & Testing** **Standard Testing:** - Full mechanical testing per ASTM A370 including tensile and impact - Hardness testing across plate surface with detailed mapping - Chemical analysis by optical emission spectroscopy with verification - Microcleanliness assessment per ASTM E45 **Supplementary Testing (Typically Specified):** - **S1:** Ultrasonic examination per ASTM A578 Level 2 or higher - **S8:** Maximum tensile strength limitation (prevent over-strength) - **S9:** Charpy impact testing at multiple temperatures and orientations - **S14:** Restricted chemistry variations (±15% of specified ranges) - **S17:** Vacuum degassing requirement - **Fracture Toughness:** CTOD or K₁c testing for critical applications - **Fatigue Testing:** High-cycle fatigue testing for dynamic applications **Certification:** - Certified Mill Test Reports (CMTRs) with full traceability and additional data - Special certification for aerospace/defense applications - Third-party inspection and certification upon request - Material pedigree documentation including melting and processing history ### **10. Design Considerations** 1. **Stress Concentrations:** Extremely sensitive; generous fillets and smooth transitions essential 2. **Fatigue Design:** Use conservative fatigue strength reduction factors 3. **Fracture Control:** Essential for thicknesses >10 mm in critical applications 4. **Weight Savings:** Can achieve 25-30% weight reduction vs. 100 ksi steels in stiffness-controlled designs 5. **Temperature Limitations:** Maximum service temperature 750°F (399°C); avoid prolonged exposure above 800°F (427°C) 6. **Corrosion Protection:** Despite moderate corrosion resistance, protective coatings often required in aggressive environments ### **11. Comparison with Other Ultra-High-Strength Grades (≤19 mm)** | Property | Grade L | Grade H | Aerospace 4340 | |----------|---------|---------|----------------| | **Yield Strength** | **110 ksi (760 MPa)** | 110 ksi (760 MPa) | 125-150 ksi (860-1035 MPa) | | **Toughness** | Controlled | Moderate | Varies with heat treatment | | **Weldability** | Challenging | Very challenging | Generally not recommended | | **Cost Factor** | Premium | High | Very High | | **Availability** | Limited | Limited | Special order | | **Typical Applications** | Critical structural | High-strength structural | Aerospace components | ### **12. Economic Considerations** - **Material Cost:** Significant premium (40-60% above Grade B) - **Fabrication Cost:** Substantially higher due to specialized procedures and equipment - **Testing & Certification:** Additional costs for extensive testing and documentation - **Life Cycle Cost:** May be favorable in weight-critical applications despite higher initial cost - **Availability:** Limited production runs; extended lead times typical ### **13. Limitations & Special Considerations** 1. **Not Recommended For:** - General construction applications - Applications with severe stress concentrations - Highly corrosive environments without adequate protection - Applications where welding cannot be precisely controlled - Structures subject to impact loading without proper design 2. **Fabrication Constraints:** - Requires highly skilled fabricators with specific experience - Specialized welding equipment and procedures mandatory - Extensive non-destructive testing required - Limited forming and shaping capabilities 3. **Performance Limitations:** - Toughness decreases significantly at lower temperatures - Highly susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement - Reduced tolerance for fabrication imperfections - Sensitive to stress corrosion cracking in certain environments ### **14. Future Developments** - **Advanced Processing:** Thermomechanical processing for improved toughness - **Alloy Optimization:** Further refinement of microalloying elements - **Joining Technologies:** Development of improved welding consumables and techniques - **Digital Integration:** Advanced tracking and quality assurance systems - **Additive Manufacturing:** Potential for hybrid manufacturing approaches ### **15. Industry Codes & References** - **AISC:** Design Guide 24 – Hollow Structural Section Connections - **AWS D1.1:** Structural Welding Code – Steel (with high-strength steel provisions) - **ASME Section VIII:** Division 2 – Alternative Rules - **SAE Aerospace:** AMS 6520 (similar strength aerospace grade) - **U.S. Army:** Military Handbook 5 – Metallic Materials and Elements - **MMPDS:** Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization ### **16. Safety Considerations** - **Fabrication Safety:** Enhanced PPE for machining (chip control, eye protection) - **Welding Safety:** Additional ventilation for potential fume concerns - **Material Handling:** Careful handling to prevent edge injuries and hydrogen contamination - **Testing Safety:** Higher energy release potential during mechanical testing ### **17. Project Specification Guidelines** **Essential Specification Elements for Grade L:** 1. Complete chemical composition requirements with tight tolerances 2. Mechanical property requirements including minimum and maximum values 3. Toughness requirements at specified service temperatures 4. Non-destructive examination requirements and acceptance criteria 5. Welding procedure qualification requirements 6. Heat treatment parameters and verification requirements 7. Certification and documentation requirements 8. Special handling and storage requirements ### **18. Disclaimer & Critical Notes** **Essential User Responsibilities:** 1. Conduct comprehensive engineering analysis including fracture mechanics 2. Complete full-scale welding procedure qualifications 3. Implement rigorous quality control throughout fabrication 4. Consider all service conditions including environmental factors 5. Engage experienced engineers and fabricators with specific expertise **Manufacturer's Limitations:** - Properties guaranteed only as tested per specified standards - Performance in fabricated structures depends entirely on proper design and workmanship - No warranty of fitness for particular application without specific written agreement - Material supplied per specification; fabrication and application are user's responsibility *For applications considering ASTM A514 Grade L, early and comprehensive consultation with material suppliers, engineering consultants, and fabrication specialists is absolutely essential to ensure successful implementation and optimal performance.* -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A514 Steel, grade L, plate thickness ≤ 19 mm Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <5928 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A514 Steel, grade L, plate thickness ≤ 19 mm Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Spherical ASTM A514 Steel Powder, grade L Particle Size Description -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Applications of Spherical ASTM A514 Steel Powder, grade L -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Applications of ASTM A514 Steel Spherical Powder, grade L, plate thickness ≤ 19 mm -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers ASTM A514 Steel Spherical Powder, grade L, plate thickness ≤ 19 mm -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of ASTM A514 Steel Spherical Powder, grade L, plate thickness ≤ 19 mm -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Spherical Powder drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 2399 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition