Spherical ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Powder, Grade 11, Class 2

ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Spherical Powder, Grade 11, Class 2 Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Spherical Powder, Grade 11, Class 2 Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Powder, Grade 11, Class 2 characteristics -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Powder, Grade 11, Class 2 Particle Size -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- -:- 0-15μm ,5-25μm, 15-45μm, 15-53μm,20-63um, 45-75μm, 45-105μm, 45-150μm ,75-150μm. (Various granularities can be customized according to customer requirements) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Spherical ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Powder, Grade 11, Class 2 Applicable processes -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Laser/electron beam additive manufacturing (SLM/EBM, 3D printing) Direct laser deposition (DLD) Used in thermal spray (TSA) Powder hot isostatic pressing (HIP) Metal injection molding (MIM) Powder metallurgy (PM) Laser cladding (LC), etc. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Powder, Grade 11, Class 2 Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A387 Alloy Steel, Grade 11, Class 2 Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ## **ASTM A387 Grade 11 Class 2 - 1.25% Chromium-0.50% Molybdenum Alloy Steel Plate for High-Temperature Pressure Vessels** ### **1. Product Overview** **ASTM A387 Grade 11 Class 2** is a **normalized and tempered chromium-molybdenum alloy steel plate** specifically engineered for **pressure vessel construction operating at elevated temperatures up to 1100°F (595°C)**. As the ready-to-use condition within the ASTM A387 specification, Class 2 material is supplied in the **final heat-treated state**, providing optimal mechanical properties for immediate fabrication and service. This grade offers a balanced combination of **high-temperature strength, creep resistance, and oxidation protection** through its 1.25% chromium and 0.50% molybdenum alloy composition, making it a preferred choice for petroleum refining, chemical processing, and power generation applications. Class 2 designation indicates the material has undergone **normalizing and tempering heat treatment** at the mill, delivering consistent mechanical properties that meet or exceed minimum requirements without additional heat treatment after moderate fabrication. This makes it particularly suitable for applications where post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) capabilities may be limited or where dimensional stability after welding is critical. ### **2. Key International Standards & Specifications** | Standard System | Equivalent Designation | Notes | |-----------------|------------------------|-------| | **ASTM/ASME** | **ASTM A387/A387M Grade 11 Class 2** / **SA-387 Grade 11 Class 2** | Primary specification, ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code Section I & VIII Division 1 & 2 | | **European (EN)** | **EN 10028-2: 13CrMo4-5** +N/+NT | Normalized and tempered condition | | **Japanese (JIS)** | **JIS G4109 SCMV 1 NT** | Normalized and tempered chromium-molybdenum steel | | **German (DIN)** | **1.7335** +N | Normalized condition | | **ISO** | **ISO 9328-2: 13CrMo4-5** | International pressure vessel steel standard | | **Chinese** | **GB 713 15CrMoR** | Similar chromium-molybdenum pressure vessel steel | | **Unified Numbering System** | **UNS K11789** | Standard material designation | | **NACE** | **MR0175/ISO 15156** | Suitable for sour service with proper hardness control | **Classification Society Approvals:** Fully approved by ABS, DNV, LR, BV, ClassNK, and other major societies with specific requirements for thickness ranges and testing. ### **3. Chemical Composition (% by Weight)** | Element | ASTM A387 Grade 11 Class 2 Requirements | Metallurgical Purpose | |---------|------------------------------------------|------------------------| | **Carbon (C)** | **0.05-0.17%** | Controlled for optimal strength-weldability balance; lower than many structural steels | | **Manganese (Mn)** | **0.40-0.65%** | Enhances hardenability and strength; tightly controlled for consistency | | **Phosphorus (P)** | **0.025% maximum** | Stringent control to minimize temper embrittlement susceptibility | | **Sulfur (S)** | **0.025% maximum** | Strict control for improved hot workability and resistance to hot cracking | | **Silicon (Si)** | **0.50-0.80%** | **Elevated content** for enhanced oxidation resistance and deoxidation | | **Chromium (Cr)** | **1.00-1.50%** | **Primary alloying element** - provides oxidation/corrosion resistance and solid solution strengthening | | **Molybdenum (Mo)** | **0.45-0.65%** | **Key alloying element** - enhances creep strength, reduces temper embrittlement, improves hardenability | | **Nickel (Ni)** | **0.40% maximum** (residual) | Kept low to control hardenability and cost | | **Copper (Cu)** | **0.20% maximum** (residual) | Residual element control | | **Vanadium (V)** | **0.03% maximum** (residual) | Minimized to prevent excessive precipitation hardening | | **Tin (Sn), Antimony (Sb), Arsenic (As)** | Typically <0.015% each | Controlled to minimize temper embrittlement | **Key Metallurgical Features:** - **Carbon Equivalent (CE):** 0.40-0.50% (IIW formula: C + Mn/6 + (Cr+Mo+V)/5 + (Ni+Cu)/15) - **J-Factor:** Typically < 150 (J = (Si+Mn)×(P+Sn)×10⁴) for temper embrittlement control - **X-Factor:** Typically < 20 (X = (10P + 5Sb + 4Sn + As)×10⁻²) for step-cooling embrittlement - **Normalized Microstructure:** Bainitic-ferritic structure with fine carbides - **Hardenability:** Moderate, suitable for thicknesses up to 150mm (6 inches) ### **4. Mechanical & Physical Properties** #### **4.1 Tensile Properties (Normalized and Tempered Condition)** | Property | Minimum Requirement | Typical Range | Test Standard | |----------|---------------------|---------------|---------------| | **Yield Strength (0.2% offset)** | **45 ksi (310 MPa)** | 47-60 ksi (325-415 MPa) | ASTM A370 | | **Tensile Strength** | **75-100 ksi (515-690 MPa)** | 78-90 ksi (540-620 MPa) | ASTM A370 | | **Elongation (in 2" / 50mm gauge)** | **20%** minimum | 22-28% | ASTM A370 | | **Reduction of Area** | Not specified | Typically 50-65% | ASTM A370 | | **Yield-to-Tensile Ratio** | Not specified | 0.60-0.75 typical | - | **Thickness Considerations:** - Properties maintained up to 150mm (6 inches) thickness - Thicker sections may show slight reduction in elongation - Through-thickness properties generally uniform #### **4.2 Elevated Temperature Properties** | Temperature | Yield Strength (Typical) | Tensile Strength (Typical) | Creep-Rupture Strength (100,000 hours) | |-------------|--------------------------|----------------------------|----------------------------------------| | **800°F (425°C)** | 35-40 ksi (240-275 MPa) | 45-50 ksi (310-345 MPa) | 12-15 ksi (83-103 MPa) | | **900°F (480°C)** | 30-35 ksi (205-240 MPa) | 40-45 ksi (275-310 MPa) | 8-10 ksi (55-69 MPa) | | **1000°F (540°C)** | 25-30 ksi (170-205 MPa) | 35-40 ksi (240-275 MPa) | 5-6 ksi (34-41 MPa) | | **1100°F (595°C)** | 20-25 ksi (140-170 MPa) | 30-35 ksi (205-240 MPa) | 3-4 ksi (21-28 MPa) | #### **4.3 Toughness Properties** | Test Temperature | Charpy V-Notch Minimum (When Specified) | Typical Values | Requirements | |------------------|------------------------------------------|----------------|--------------| | **Room Temperature** | 20 ft-lb (27 J) average | 40-70 ft-lb (54-95 J) | Often specified for pressure vessels | | **32°F (0°C)** | 15 ft-lb (20 J) average | 30-50 ft-lb (41-68 J) | Common for general service | | **-20°F (-29°C)** | 10 ft-lb (14 J) average | 20-40 ft-lb (27-54 J) | For low-temperature applications | #### **4.4 Physical Properties** | Property | Value | Conditions | Notes | |----------|-------|------------|-------| | **Density** | 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³) | 20°C (68°F) | Similar to carbon steel | | **Modulus of Elasticity** | 29,000 ksi (200 GPa) | 20°C (68°F) | Decreases with temperature | | **Shear Modulus** | 11,200 ksi (77 GPa) | 20°C (68°F) | - | | **Poisson's Ratio** | 0.29 | - | Constant with temperature | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 42 W/m·K | 20°C (68°F) | Lower than carbon steel | | **Specific Heat** | 460 J/kg·K | 20°C (68°F) | Increases with temperature | | **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion** | 11.2 × 10⁻⁶/°C | 20-100°C | Increases at higher temperatures | | **Electrical Resistivity** | 0.24 μΩ·m | 20°C (68°F) | Higher than carbon steel | #### **4.5 Hardness Characteristics** - **As-Supplied Hardness:** 170-220 HB (typical) - **Maximum Recommended:** 225 HB for weldability - **Through-Thickness Variation:** ≤ 30 HB points - **After PWHT:** Typically 160-200 HB ### **5. Heat Treatment Requirements** #### **5.1 As-Supplied Condition: Normalized and Tempered** - **Normalizing Temperature:** 1650-1750°F (900-955°C) - **Tempering Temperature:** 1200-1350°F (650-730°C) - **Soaking Time:** 1 hour per inch minimum (both operations) - **Cooling:** Air cool from both temperatures - **Purpose:** Achieve optimal combination of strength and toughness #### **5.2 Post-Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) Requirements** - **Mandatory:** For all welded constructions except minor attachments - **Temperature Range:** 1200-1350°F (650-730°C) - **Time:** 1 hour per inch minimum, 2 hours minimum total - **Heating/Cooling Rates:** Typically 400°F/hour (222°C/hour) maximum - **Atmosphere:** Controlled to prevent excessive oxidation #### **5.3 Simulated PWHT (for Procedure Qualification)** - Test coupons undergo same thermal cycle as production welds - Essential for verifying mechanical properties after welding ### **6. Product Applications** #### **6.1 Primary Industries & Applications** | Industry | Specific Applications | Service Conditions | Why Grade 11 Class 2 is Selected | |----------|----------------------|-------------------|----------------------------------| | **Petroleum Refining** | - Hydroprocessing reactors
- Catalytic crackers
- Reformer vessels | 750-950°F (400-510°C), hydrogen partial pressure | Hydrogen service resistance (Nelson curve compliance) | | **Power Generation** | - High-pressure boilers
- Steam drums and headers
- Heat recovery systems | 800-1000°F (425-540°C), 1500-2500 psi | Creep strength, oxidation resistance | | **Chemical Processing** | - Methanol converters
- Ammonia synthesis
- Ethylene crackers | 700-900°F (370-480°C), various pressures | Thermal stability, corrosion resistance | | **Oil & Gas Production** | - Offshore processing vessels
- Gas treatment units
- CO₂ removal systems | 500-800°F (260-425°C), sour service | Sulfide stress cracking resistance (with hardness control) | | **Syngas Production** | - Shift converters
- Fischer-Tropsch reactors
- Gasification vessels | 600-850°F (315-455°C), syngas environment | Carburization resistance, thermal fatigue | #### **6.2 Special Service Considerations** - **Hydrogen Service:** Compliant with ASME Section VIII Division 2 Appendix 5 (Nelson curves) - **Sour Service:** Suitable with hardness control (<22 HRC, <237 HB) - **Cyclic Service:** Good thermal fatigue resistance - **Oxidizing Atmospheres:** Chromium provides protection up to 1100°F ### **7. Fabrication Characteristics** #### **7.1 Weldability** **Weldability Rating:** **Good** (with strict procedural controls) | Parameter | Requirements/Recommendations | |-----------|------------------------------| | **Carbon Equivalent (CE)** | 0.45-0.55% (requires careful procedure control) | | **Preheat Temperature** | 300-400°F (150-205°C) minimum | | **Interpass Temperature** | 400-600°F (205-315°C) maximum | | **Recommended Processes** | SMAW (E8018-B2), SAW, GTAW (root), FCAW | | **Heat Input Control** | 20-45 kJ/inch typical range | | **PWHT Requirement** | **Mandatory** for all pressure-retaining welds | #### **7.2 Welding Consumables** - **AWS Classification:** AWS A5.5 E8018-B2 (SMAW), AWS A5.23 F8P2-EB2-B2 (SAW) - **Composition Matching:** Essential for service performance - **Hydrogen Control:** Ultra-low hydrogen (<5 ml/100g) mandatory - **Storage/Handling:** Strict control to prevent moisture pickup #### **7.3 Forming & Machining** | Operation | Characteristics | Considerations | |-----------|----------------|----------------| | **Cold Forming** | Fair (limited in N&T condition) | May require stress relief for severe deformation | | **Hot Forming** | 1650-1800°F (900-980°C) | Requires re-normalizing and tempering after forming | | **Machining** | 55-60% of free-cutting steel | Requires positive rake tools, adequate cooling | | **Thermal Cutting** | Plasma, laser preferred | Preheat may be required for thickness > 1 inch | | **Shearing/Punching** | Limited to thinner sections | Better in annealed condition if available | ### **8. Comparative Analysis** #### **8.1 Within A387 Series Comparison** | Property | **Grade 11 Class 2** | Grade 22 Class 2 | Grade 5 Class 2 | |----------|----------------------|------------------|-----------------| | **Chromium Content** | 1.00-1.50% | 2.00-2.50% | 4.00-6.00% | | **Molybdenum Content** | 0.45-0.65% | 0.90-1.10% | 0.45-0.65% | | **Max Service Temperature** | 1000°F (540°C) | 1200°F (650°C) | 1200°F (650°C) | | **Cost Factor** | **1.0x (Baseline)** | 1.2-1.4x | 1.5-1.8x | | **Primary Advantage** | **Cost-effective high-temp** | Higher temperature | Oxidation resistance | #### **8.2 Versus Other Pressure Vessel Steels** | Material | Temperature Limit | Hydrogen Service | Cost Premium | Typical Use | |----------|------------------|------------------|--------------|-------------| | **A387 Gr 11 Cl 2** | 1000°F | **Excellent** | Baseline | General high-temperature | | A516 Gr 70 | 800°F | Poor | 0.7x | Lower temperature | | A204 Gr A | 900°F | Fair | 0.9x | Mo steels for moderate temp | | A335 P11 | 1000°F | Excellent | 1.1x | Piping applications | ### **9. Technical Advantages** #### **9.1 Key Benefits** 1. **Ready-to-Use Condition:** Normalized and tempered at mill, minimizing field heat treatment 2. **High-Temperature Strength:** Maintains properties up to 1000°F continuously 3. **Hydrogen Resistance:** Compliant with Nelson curves for hydrogen service 4. **Creep Performance:** Excellent long-term strength at elevated temperatures 5. **Code Recognition:** Fully approved by ASME and international pressure vessel codes #### **9.2 Special Properties for Pressure Vessel Design** - **Stress Rupture Data:** Extensive database available for design - **Fatigue Properties:** Well-characterized for cyclic service - **Fracture Toughness:** Good for pressure vessel applications - **Weldability:** Established procedures and consumables available ### **10. Design Considerations** #### **10.1 Design Temperature Limits** - **Maximum Design Temperature:** 1000°F (540°C) per ASME Section II Part D - **Minimum Design Temperature:** -20°F (-29°C) without impact testing - **Hydrogen Partial Pressure Limits:** Per Nelson curves in ASME Section VIII Div 2 - **Cyclic Service:** Requires fatigue analysis per ASME Section VIII Div 2 Appendix 5 #### **10.2 Corrosion & Environmental Considerations** - **Oxidation Resistance:** Good to 1100°F in air/steam - **Sulfidation:** Limited resistance; not recommended for high-sulfur streams above 600°F - **Hydrogen Attack:** Resistant within Nelson curve limits - **Polythionic Acid SCC:** Requires proper shutdown procedures ### **11. Quality Assurance & Testing** #### **11.1 Mandatory Testing Requirements** 1. **Chemical Analysis:** Ladle analysis and product verification 2. **Tensile Testing:** One test per plate or 50 tons minimum 3. **Hardness Testing:** Often specified for quality verification #### **11.2 Optional Supplementary Tests** - **Charpy Impact Testing:** At specified temperatures - **Ultrasonic Testing:** Per ASTM A578 for critical applications - **Step-Cooling Test:** For temper embrittlement evaluation (optional) - **High-Temperature Tensile:** For design validation #### **11.3 Hardness Control for Sour Service** - **Maximum Hardness:** 22 HRC (237 HB) per NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 - **HAZ Control:** Weld procedure qualification essential - **Testing Frequency:** Typically 100% for critical components ### **12. Procurement & Specification** #### **12.1 Essential Ordering Information** When specifying ASTM A387 Grade 11 Class 2: - Full designation: ASTM A387/A387M Grade 11 Class 2 - Plate dimensions and tolerances - Testing requirements (impact, UT, etc.) - Certification requirements (EN 10204 3.1/3.2) - Any supplementary requirements (hardness limits, NACE compliance) #### **12.2 Typical Availability & Lead Times** - **Standard Sizes:** 1/4" to 6" thickness, up to 150" width - **Lead Time:** 8-14 weeks depending on quantity and testing - **Mill Sources:** Multiple qualified producers worldwide - **Stock Availability:** Limited standard sizes may be available ### **13. Case Studies** #### **13.1 Hydrocracker Reactor - Middle East Refinery** **Application:** 200,000 BPD hydrocracking unit **Design Conditions:** 3.5" wall thickness, 2500 psi at 850°F, hydrogen partial pressure 1500 psi **Grade 11 Class 2 Performance:** - Met all Nelson curve requirements - Successful fabrication with complex internal attachments - 15+ years of continuous operation - Minimal degradation during inspections #### **13.2 Combined Cycle Power Plant - North America** **Application:** Heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) drums **Conditions:** 2.5" thickness, 1800 psi at 950°F, daily cycling **Results:** - Excellent thermal fatigue resistance - Maintained properties through thousands of cycles - Cost-effective compared to Grade 22 - Met all ASME Section I requirements ### **14. Industry Trends & Developments** #### **14.1 Current Applications** - **Refinery Modernization:** Revamps and capacity increases - **Clean Energy:** Biomass and waste-to-energy plants - **Hydrogen Economy:** Hydrogen production and storage vessels - **Carbon Capture:** CO₂ compression and handling equipment #### **14.2 Technical Developments** - **Improved Cleanliness:** Lower sulfur and phosphorus for better properties - **Advanced Heat Treatment:** More precise temperature control - **Welding Automation:** Increased use of automated processes - **Digital Documentation:** RFID and blockchain for material traceability ### **15. Conclusion** **ASTM A387 Grade 11 Class 2** represents a **proven, reliable chromium-molybdenum alloy steel** for **high-temperature pressure vessel applications requiring ready-to-use material in normalized and tempered condition**. Its technical attributes provide: **Primary Advantages:** 1. **Optimized High-Temperature Properties:** Balanced strength and toughness at temperatures up to 1000°F 2. **Hydrogen Service Capability:** Compliant with Nelson curves for refinery applications 3. **Ready-to-Fabricate Condition:** Minimizes required field heat treatment 4. **Cost-Effective Performance:** Most economical Cr-Mo steel for its temperature range 5. **Extensive Experience Base:** Decades of successful applications worldwide **Optimal Application Scenarios:** - Hydroprocessing reactors in petroleum refining - High-pressure steam components in power generation - Chemical reactors operating at 700-1000°F - Pressure vessels in hydrogen service - Applications requiring minimal post-fabrication heat treatment **Critical Success Factors:** - Proper welding procedure development and qualification - Strict adherence to PWHT requirements - Hardness control for sour service applications - Compliance with code requirements for specific services **Material Selection Considerations:** - **Choose Grade 11 Class 2 when:** Temperatures ≤1000°F, hydrogen service required, ready-to-use condition needed - **Consider higher alloys when:** Temperatures >1000°F, severe sulfidation expected, enhanced oxidation resistance needed - **Consider lower alloys when:** Temperatures <800°F, cost sensitivity high, hydrogen service not required ASTM A387 Grade 11 Class 2 continues to be a **workhorse material** in refinery, petrochemical, and power generation industries, offering a **balanced solution** that combines adequate high-temperature performance with reasonable fabricability and cost. Its extensive service history, comprehensive property data, and wide code acceptance make it a **preferred choice** for engineers designing pressure equipment for demanding high-temperature services. For new projects or equipment replacements in the 800-1000°F range, particularly in hydrogen-containing environments, **Grade 11 Class 2 provides a technically sound, economically sensible material selection** with a proven track record of reliable performance. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A387 Alloy Steel, Grade 11, Class 2 Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <5992 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A387 Alloy Steel, Grade 11, Class 2 Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Spherical ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Powder, Grade 11, Class 2 Particle Size Description -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Applications of Spherical ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Powder, Grade 11, Class 2 -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Applications of ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Spherical Powder, Grade 11, Class 2 -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Spherical Powder, Grade 11, Class 2 -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Spherical Powder, Grade 11, Class 2 -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Spherical Powder drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 2463 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition