Spherical ASTM A514 Steel Powder, Grade R

ASTM A514 Steel Spherical Powder, Grade R Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A514 Steel Spherical Powder, Grade R Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical ASTM A514 Steel Powder, Grade R characteristics -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical ASTM A514 Steel Powder, Grade R Particle Size -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- -:- 0-15μm ,5-25μm, 15-45μm, 15-53μm,20-63um, 45-75μm, 45-105μm, 45-150μm ,75-150μm. (Various granularities can be customized according to customer requirements) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Spherical ASTM A514 Steel Powder, Grade R Applicable processes -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Laser/electron beam additive manufacturing (SLM/EBM, 3D printing) Direct laser deposition (DLD) Used in thermal spray (TSA) Powder hot isostatic pressing (HIP) Metal injection molding (MIM) Powder metallurgy (PM) Laser cladding (LC), etc. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical ASTM A514 Steel Powder, Grade R Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A514 Steel, Grade R Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Product Introduction: ASTM A514 Grade R Quenched & Tempered Alloy Steel Plate** **ASTM A514 Grade R** is a **high-strength, quenched and tempered (Q&T) alloy steel plate** designed for applications requiring exceptional yield strength, toughness, and weldability in heavy structural sections. As part of the A514/A517 family (often called "T-1" type steels), Grade R is optimized for **welded construction in demanding structural and mechanical applications**. It provides a minimum yield strength of **690 MPa (100 ksi)** in thicknesses up to 2.5 inches (63.5 mm), making it one of the highest-strength structural steels commercially available. --- ## **1. Key International Standards & Specifications** * **Primary Standard:** **ASTM A514/A514M** - Standard Specification for High-Yield-Strength, Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Plate, Suitable for Welding * **Alternative Designation:** **ASTM A517/A517M** - Essentially identical specification * **ASME Code Adoption:** **SA-514 Grade R** in ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section II * **Military Specifications:** **MIL-S-23284** (equivalent) * **International Equivalents:** * **EN 10025-6:** S690Q, S690QL, S690QL1 (similar strength class, different chemistry) * **ISO 4950-3:** High yield strength flat steel products - Quenched and tempered steels * **JIS G3124:** SHT690 (Japanese high tensile strength steel for welded structures) * **GB/T 16270:** Q690D, Q690E (Chinese high strength structural steels) --- ## **2. Chemical Composition (Weight %)** | Element | Composition Range (%) | Metallurgical Function | |---------|----------------------|------------------------| | Carbon (C) | 0.10-0.20 | Primary hardenability element, controlled for weldability | | Manganese (Mn) | 0.60-1.00 | Enhances hardenability and strength | | Phosphorus (P) | 0.035 max | Impurity control (toughness preservation) | | Sulfur (S) | 0.040 max | Impurity control (improved weldability) | | Silicon (Si) | 0.15-0.35 | Deoxidizer, strengthens ferrite | | Chromium (Cr) | 0.40-0.65 | Enhances hardenability and tempering resistance | | Molybdenum (Mo) | 0.15-0.25 | Provides high-temperature strength, reduces temper embrittlement | | Vanadium (V) | 0.03-0.08 | Grain refinement, precipitation strengthening | | Boron (B) | 0.001-0.005 | **Critical:** Dramatically increases hardenability at low levels | | Nickel (Ni) | Not specified (optional) | May be added for improved toughness in thicker sections | ### **Carbon Equivalent Calculations:** - **IIW Formula:** CE = C + Mn/6 + (Cr+Mo+V)/5 + (Ni+Cu)/15 ≈ **0.45-0.60** - **Pcm Formula:** C + Si/30 + (Mn+Cu+Cr)/20 + Ni/60 + Mo/15 + V/10 + 5B ≈ **0.20-0.30** - **Weldability Classification:** Fair to good with proper procedures (lower Pcm than CE suggests) ### **Key Composition Features:** 1. **Boron Addition:** Enables high hardenability without excessive alloying 2. **Balanced Alloying:** Optimized for through-thickness hardening 3. **Low Carbon:** For improved weldability relative to strength level 4. **Clean Steel Practice:** Low sulfur and phosphorus for enhanced toughness --- ## **3. Mechanical & Physical Properties** ### **Minimum Mechanical Properties (Up to 2.5 in / 63.5 mm thick):** - **Tensile Strength:** **760-895 MPa** (110-130 ksi) - **Yield Strength (0.2% offset):** **690 MPa min** (100 ksi min) - **Elongation in 2 in. (50 mm):** **18% minimum** (remarkable for this strength level) - **Reduction of Area:** Typically 40-55% ### **Impact Toughness Requirements:** - **Charpy V-Notch Testing:** Mandatory - **Test Temperature:** Typically **-18°C (0°F)** or lower as specified - **Minimum Absorbed Energy:** **34 J (25 ft-lb)** minimum average - **Thicker Sections:** May require testing at lower temperatures ### **Hardness Properties:** - **Typical Hardness:** 235-293 HB (Brinell) - **Maximum Hardness:** Usually limited to 321 HB for weldability considerations - **Through-Thickness Hardness:** Maintains ≥90% of surface hardness in properly processed material ### **Physical Properties:** | Property | Value | Conditions | |----------|-------|------------| | Density | 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³) | Room temperature | | Modulus of Elasticity | 200 GPa (29×10⁶ psi) | Room temperature | | Shear Modulus | 77 GPa (11.2×10⁶ psi) | Room temperature | | Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | - | | Coefficient of Thermal Expansion | 12.0×10⁻⁶/°C | 20-100°C | | Thermal Conductivity | 42-46 W/m·K | 100°C | | Specific Heat | 460 J/kg·K | 100°C | --- ## **4. Heat Treatment & Microstructure** ### **Mandatory Heat Treatment:** 1. **Austenitizing:** 900-955°C (1650-1750°F) - Complete transformation to austenite 2. **Quenching:** Water or polymer quench to form martensite 3. **Tempering:** 595-690°C (1100-1275°F) - Develops tempered martensite structure 4. **Cooling:** Air cool after tempering ### **Resulting Microstructure:** - **Primary Phase:** Tempered martensite (lath martensite) - **Carbide Distribution:** Fine, dispersed alloy carbides (Mo₂C, V₄C₃) - **Grain Size:** ASTM 7 or finer (15 μm or less) - **Prior Austenite Grain:** Controlled through processing ### **Through-Thickness Properties:** - **Critical Thickness:** Up to 63.5 mm (2.5 in) for full properties - **Derating:** Thicker sections may have reduced mechanical properties - **Homogeneity:** Excellent due to boron-enhanced hardenability --- ## **5. Key Characteristics & Advantages** ### **Exceptional Strength-to-Weight Ratio:** - **High Strength:** 100 ksi yield enables significant weight reduction - **Stiffness Maintenance:** Same modulus as lower strength steels - **Design Efficiency:** Allows more efficient structural designs ### **Excellent Toughness:** - **Good Low-Temperature Toughness:** Maintains properties at sub-zero temperatures - **Fracture Resistance:** High Charpy values prevent brittle fracture - **Fatigue Resistance:** Superior to many lower-strength steels ### **Weldability (Relative to Strength Level):** - **Good Weldability:** For a 100 ksi yield strength steel - **Preheat Required:** But less than expected for this strength - **HAZ Properties:** Maintains good toughness in heat-affected zone - **Established Procedures:** Well-documented welding practices available ### **Fabrication Characteristics:** - **Machinability:** Fair (approximately 50% of 1212 steel) - **Formability:** Limited due to high strength - hot forming recommended - **Cutting:** Requires more power than mild steels --- ## **6. Product Applications** ### **Construction & Mining Equipment:** - **Crane Booms and Components:** Especially mobile and tower cranes - **Excavator Arms and Buckets:** For demanding digging applications - **Mining Shovel Components:** Dipper sticks, handles, and linkages - **Dragline Booms and Components** ### **Material Handling Equipment:** - **Heavy-Duty Forklift Components:** Masts and frames - **Conveyor System Structures:** For heavy bulk materials - **Stacker/Reclaimer Booms:** In mining and port facilities ### **Transportation & Infrastructure:** - **Bridge Components:** For movable bridges or highly loaded sections - **Specialized Truck Frames:** For heavy haul applications - **Railroad Equipment:** Couplers, yokes, and structural members ### **Energy & Industrial:** - **Wind Turbine Towers:** Particularly in lower sections - **Hydroelectric Equipment:** Gate structures and components - **Heavy Machinery Frames:** Presses, rollers, and forming equipment ### **Military & Defense:** - **Armored Vehicle Components:** Structural elements - **Weapon System Mounts:** Requiring high strength-to-weight - **Military Bridge Systems:** For rapid deployment --- ## **7. Fabrication Guidelines** ### **Welding Procedures (Critical):** - **Preheat Temperature:** **150-200°C (300-400°F)** minimum - **Interpass Temperature:** **150-230°C (300-450°F)** - **Post-Weld Heat Treatment:** **Generally not required** for most applications - **Stress Relief:** Optional for highly restrained joints ### **Filler Metal Selection:** | Process | Recommended Filler | Notes | |---------|-------------------|-------| | SMAW | E11018, E12018 | Matching strength, low hydrogen | | FCAW | E111T1-K3, E121T1-K3 | Gas-shielded, high deposition | | SAW | F12A8-EL12, F13A2-EM12K | For high-quality production welding | | GMAW | ER110S, ER120S | With appropriate gas mixtures | ### **Cutting & Machining:** - **Plasma Cutting:** Preferred for thicknesses up to 75 mm - **Oxy-Fuel Cutting:** Requires careful control to prevent hardening - **Machining Parameters:** Reduced speeds and feeds compared to mild steel - **Tool Materials:** Carbide or ceramic recommended ### **Forming Operations:** - **Cold Forming:** Limited to simple bends with large radii - **Hot Forming:** Recommended at 870-925°C (1600-1700°F) - **Post-Forming Heat Treatment:** May be required after hot forming --- ## **8. Design Considerations** ### **Structural Design:** - **Allowable Stresses:** Typically 0.60 × yield strength for static loading - **Fatigue Design:** Special considerations required - consult relevant codes - **Connection Design:** Both welded and bolted connections suitable - **Buckling Considerations:** Higher strength allows more slender sections ### **Thickness Limitations:** | Thickness Range | Yield Strength Minimum | Notes | |-----------------|------------------------|-------| | ≤ 63.5 mm (2.5 in) | 690 MPa (100 ksi) | Full properties | | 63.5-102 mm (2.5-4 in) | 620 MPa (90 ksi) | Slightly reduced | | > 102 mm (4 in) | Consult manufacturer | Further reductions apply | ### **Temperature Considerations:** - **Minimum Service Temperature:** Can be as low as -40°C (-40°F) with proper toughness - **Maximum Service Temperature:** ~400°C (750°F) for long-term service - **Creep Considerations:** Not suitable for sustained loading above 370°C (700°F) --- ## **9. Comparison with Other High-Strength Steels** ### **A514 Grade R vs. A572 Grade 50:** | Parameter | A514 Grade R | A572 Grade 50 | Advantage | |-----------|--------------|---------------|-----------| | Yield Strength | 690 MPa | 345 MPa | A514 100% stronger | | Cost per kg | 2-3× higher | Baseline | A572 more economical | | Weldability | Good (with procedures) | Excellent | A572 easier | | Applications | Critical, weight-sensitive | General structural | Different purposes | ### **A514 Grade R vs. European S690QL:** | Aspect | A514 Grade R | S690QL | Differences | |--------|--------------|--------|-------------| | Yield Strength | 690 MPa | 690 MPa | Same | | Chemistry Approach | B-added, lower alloy | Higher Ni, Cr, Mo | Different metallurgy | | Toughness Temp | -18°C typical | -40°C or -60°C | S690QL better low-temp | | Thickness Range | Up to 63.5 mm | Up to 100 mm | S690QL thicker capability | ### **Grade R vs. Other A514 Grades:** - **Grade R:** General purpose, good balance of properties - **Grade S:** Higher toughness for low-temperature applications - **Grade T:** Optimized for specific applications (varies by producer) --- ## **10. Quality Control & Certification** ### **Testing Requirements:** - **Heat Analysis:** For each melt - **Product Analysis:** May be required - **Tensile Tests:** Per heat treatment charge - **Impact Tests:** Per heat treatment charge - **Hardness Tests:** Often specified ### **Non-Destructive Examination:** - **Ultrasonic Testing:** Often required for critical applications - **Magnetic Particle:** For surface examination - **Dye Penetrant:** For critical weld areas ### **Certification:** - **Mill Test Certificate:** Complete with all test results - **Heat Treatment Records:** Full time-temperature documentation - **Traceability:** Complete from melt to finished plate --- **Technical Summary:** ASTM A514 Grade R represents a premium high-strength structural steel offering an exceptional combination of 100 ksi yield strength, good toughness, and weldability. Its boron-enhanced chemistry provides excellent through-thickness properties while maintaining reasonable fabricability. Although requiring careful fabrication procedures and commanding a significant cost premium over conventional structural steels, it enables weight savings and performance improvements in critical applications where strength-to-weight ratio is paramount. The material finds its primary applications in demanding mechanical and structural components for construction, mining, and material handling equipment, as well as specialized applications in transportation and energy infrastructure. Proper design, fabrication, and quality control are essential to realize the full benefits of this high-performance material. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A514 Steel, Grade R Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <6016 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A514 Steel, Grade R Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Spherical ASTM A514 Steel Powder, Grade R Particle Size Description -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Applications of Spherical ASTM A514 Steel Powder, Grade R -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Applications of ASTM A514 Steel Spherical Powder, Grade R -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers ASTM A514 Steel Spherical Powder, Grade R -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of ASTM A514 Steel Spherical Powder, Grade R -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Spherical Powder drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 2487 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition