Spherical ASTM A515 Carbon Steel Powder, Grade 60

ASTM A515 Carbon Steel Spherical Powder, Grade 60 Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A515 Carbon Steel Spherical Powder, Grade 60 Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical ASTM A515 Carbon Steel Powder, Grade 60 characteristics -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical ASTM A515 Carbon Steel Powder, Grade 60 Particle Size -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- -:- 0-15μm ,5-25μm, 15-45μm, 15-53μm,20-63um, 45-75μm, 45-105μm, 45-150μm ,75-150μm. (Various granularities can be customized according to customer requirements) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Spherical ASTM A515 Carbon Steel Powder, Grade 60 Applicable processes -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Laser/electron beam additive manufacturing (SLM/EBM, 3D printing) Direct laser deposition (DLD) Used in thermal spray (TSA) Powder hot isostatic pressing (HIP) Metal injection molding (MIM) Powder metallurgy (PM) Laser cladding (LC), etc. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical ASTM A515 Carbon Steel Powder, Grade 60 Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A515 Carbon Steel, Grade 60 Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Product Introduction: ASTM A515 Grade 60 Carbon Steel Plate** **ASTM A515 Grade 60** is a **medium to high-temperature carbon-silicon steel plate** specifically engineered for **fusion welded pressure vessels and pressure-containing components** operating at elevated temperatures with higher strength requirements. As part of the A515 specification, this grade is designed for **intermediate and higher temperature service** (typically up to 650°F or 345°C) while providing a minimum yield strength of 60 ksi (415 MPa). It represents a cost-effective alternative to alloy steels for many elevated temperature applications where higher strength than Grade 55 is required. --- ## **1. Key International Standards & Specifications** * **Primary Standard:** **ASTM A515/A515M** - Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, for Intermediate- and Higher-Temperature Service * **Governing Standard:** **ASTM A20/A20M** - General Requirements for Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels * **ASME Code Adoption:** **SA-515 Grade 60** in ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section II, Part A * **International Equivalents:** * **EN 10028-2:** P355GH (similar application, 355 MPa min yield) * **ISO 9328-2:** Steel flat products for pressure purposes - Non-alloy and alloy steels with specified elevated temperature properties * **JIS G3115:** SPV355 (Japanese pressure vessel steel, 355 MPa min yield) * **GB 713:** Q345R (Chinese pressure vessel steel, 345 MPa min yield) * **DIN 17155:** HII (German elevated temperature steel) --- ## **2. Chemical Composition (Weight %)** | Element | Composition Range (%) | Metallurgical Function | |---------|----------------------|------------------------| | Carbon (C) | 0.18-0.28 (max 0.31 for >2 in thick) | Primary strengthener, controlled balance with weldability | | Manganese (Mn) | 0.70-1.00 (max 1.20 for >1.5 in thick) | Enhances strength and hardenability, grain refinement | | Phosphorus (P) | 0.035 max | Impurity control for toughness | | Sulfur (S) | 0.040 max | Impurity control for weldability and ductility | | Silicon (Si) | 0.15-0.40 | **Critical:** Solid solution strengthening at elevated temperatures, deoxidizer | | Copper (Cu) | 0.35 max (when specified) | Optional for atmospheric corrosion resistance | ### **Carbon Equivalent Analysis:** - **IIW Formula:** CE = C + Mn/6 + (Cr+Mo+V)/5 + (Ni+Cu)/15 - **Typical CE Range:** 0.40-0.52 (moderate, indicates good weldability with proper procedures) - **Pcm Formula:** C + Si/30 + Mn/20 + Cu/20 + Ni/60 + Cr/20 + Mo/15 + V/10 + 5B - **Typical Pcm:** 0.20-0.28 - **Weldability Classification:** Good for carbon steel of this strength level ### **Key Composition Features:** 1. **Higher Carbon Range:** Compared to Grade 55, enables higher strength 2. **Elevated Silicon:** Maintains 0.15-0.40% for high-temperature strength retention 3. **Increased Manganese:** Up to 1.00% for enhanced strength and hardenability 4. **Deoxidation Practice:** Typically silicon-killed (semi-killed), but fully killed available 5. **Clean Steel:** Modern practices ensure low residual elements --- ## **3. Mechanical & Physical Properties** ### **Minimum Room Temperature Mechanical Properties:** - **Tensile Strength:** **485-620 MPa** (70,000-90,000 psi) - **Yield Strength (0.2% offset, min):** **415 MPa** (60,000 psi) - **Elongation in 2 in. (50 mm):** **19% minimum** (for plates ≤ ¾ in / 19 mm thick) - **Elongation in 8 in. (200 mm):** **17% minimum** - **Reduction of Area:** Typically 35-45% ### **Thickness-Dependent Property Adjustments:** | Thickness Range | Minimum Yield Strength | Minimum Tensile Strength | Notes | |-----------------|------------------------|--------------------------|-------| | ≤ ¾ in (19 mm) | 415 MPa (60 ksi) | 485 MPa (70 ksi) | Full properties | | > ¾ to 1½ in (19-38 mm) | 400 MPa (58 ksi) | 485 MPa (70 ksi) | ~4% yield reduction | | > 1½ to 2½ in (38-64 mm) | 385 MPa (56 ksi) | 485 MPa (70 ksi) | ~7% yield reduction | | > 2½ to 4 in (64-102 mm) | 365 MPa (53 ksi) | 485 MPa (70 ksi) | ~12% yield reduction | | > 4 to 8 in (102-203 mm) | 345 MPa (50 ksi) | 485 MPa (70 ksi) | ~17% yield reduction | ### **Elevated Temperature Properties:** - **Maximum Recommended Metal Temperature:** **650°F (345°C)** for long-term service - **Allowable Stresses:** Governed by ASME Section II, Part D, Table 1A - **Typical Stress Values:** ~17.5 ksi at 650°F (345°C) - **Creep Limit:** Not suitable for extended service above 800°F (425°C) - **Oxidation Resistance:** Standard carbon steel behavior above 1000°F (540°C) ### **Impact Toughness (When Required):** - **Charpy V-Notch Testing:** Not mandatory unless specified - **Typical Test Temperature:** +70°F (+21°C) when required - **Typical Absorbed Energy:** 18-35 J (13-26 ft-lb) at room temperature - **For Lower Temperatures:** Impact testing per ASME UCS-66 may be specified ### **Physical Properties:** | Property | Value | Conditions | |----------|-------|------------| | Density | 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³) | Room temperature | | Modulus of Elasticity | 200 GPa (29×10⁶ psi) | Room temperature | | Shear Modulus | 77 GPa (11.2×10⁶ psi) | Room temperature | | Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | - | | Coefficient of Thermal Expansion | 11.7×10⁻⁶/°C | 20-100°C | | Thermal Conductivity | 51.0 W/m·K | 100°C | | Specific Heat | 450 J/kg·K | 100°C | | Thermal Diffusivity | 14.5 mm²/s | 100°C | ### **Hardness Properties:** - **Typical Range:** 170-220 HB (Brinell) - **Maximum Typically:** 225 HB for weldability considerations - **Through-Thickness:** Relatively uniform in normalized condition --- ## **4. Heat Treatment & Microstructure** ### **Standard Supply Conditions:** 1. **As-Rolled:** Common for thinner plates (<1 in / 25 mm) 2. **Normalized:** Required or recommended for thicker plates 3. **Normalized & Tempered:** Occasionally specified for special requirements ### **Normalizing Practice:** - **Temperature:** 1600-1700°F (870-925°C) - **Time:** 1 hour per inch of thickness, minimum 1 hour - **Cooling:** Still air cooling - **Purpose:** Grain refinement, homogeneity, consistent properties ### **Microstructural Characteristics:** - **Primary Structure:** Ferrite-pearlite (typically 25-40% pearlite) - **Grain Size:** ASTM 5-8 (depending on processing) - **Pearlite Morphology:** Lamellar structure, spacing affected by cooling rate - **Inclusion Content:** Low with modern steelmaking (ASTM E45 ratings typically ≤2.0) ### **Post-Fabrication Heat Treatment:** - **Stress Relief:** Recommended for thick sections (>1¼ in / 32 mm) - **Temperature Range:** 1100-1200°F (595-650°C) - **Soaking Time:** 1 hour per inch of thickness, minimum 1 hour - **Cooling Rate:** Controlled to prevent distortion --- ## **5. Key Characteristics & Advantages** ### **Elevated Temperature Performance:** - **Improved Strength Retention:** Better than lower-strength carbon steels at 400-650°F - **Cost-Effective High Strength:** More economical than alloy steels for ≤650°F service - **Proven Reliability:** Extensive service history in pressure vessel industry - **Silicon Benefit:** Enhanced high-temperature strength through solid solution strengthening ### **Fabrication Advantages:** - **Good Weldability:** Reasonable carbon equivalent for 60 ksi yield strength - **Formability:** Adequate for moderate forming operations - **Machinability:** ~65% of free-machining steel (1212) - **Predictable Processing:** Well-established fabrication guidelines ### **Economic Benefits:** - **Material Cost:** Between A515 Grade 55 and alloy steels - **Fabrication Economy:** Lower processing costs than alloy steels - **Design Efficiency:** Higher strength allows thinner sections, weight reduction - **Lifecycle Value:** Reliable performance in designed temperature range ### **Limitations & Considerations:** - **Temperature Ceiling:** Not suitable for high-temperature service (>650°F) - **Corrosion Resistance:** Standard carbon steel performance - **Low-Temperature Toughness:** Not optimized for cryogenic service - **Thickness Limitations:** Property derating in thicker sections --- ## **6. Product Applications** ### **Pressure Vessels (Primary Market):** - **Higher Pressure/Larger Diameter Vessels:** - Steam drums for moderate pressure boilers - Reactors for chemical processes at elevated temperatures - Large diameter columns and towers - High-pressure heat exchanger shells - **Power Generation Equipment:** - Feedwater heaters and deaerators - Steam separators and moisture separators - Boiler external piping (moderate temperature) - Auxiliary pressure vessels - **Petrochemical & Refining:** - Process vessels operating at 400-650°F - Intermediate temperature separators - Regeneration vessels - Catalyst support vessels ### **Storage & Transportation:** - **High-Pressure Storage Tanks:** - Compressed gas storage (air, nitrogen, etc.) - LPG storage vessels (within temperature limits) - Process liquid storage at elevated temperatures ### **Industrial Processing:** - **Heat Processing Equipment:** - Autoclaves and pressure chambers - Industrial ovens with pressure requirements - Thermal treatment vessels - Curing chambers - **Food & Pharmaceutical:** - Sterilization vessels - Process reactors (with appropriate linings) - Clean-in-place (CIP) system components --- ## **7. Fabrication Guidelines** ### **Welding Procedures:** #### **Preheat Requirements:** | Thickness Range | Minimum Preheat | Recommended Range | Notes | |-----------------|-----------------|-------------------|-------| | ≤ ½ in (13 mm) | Optional | 50-100°F (10-38°C) | For low restraint | | ½ to 1 in (13-25 mm) | 100°F (38°C) | 150-200°F (65-95°C) | General practice | | 1 to 2 in (25-50 mm) | 150°F (65°C) | 200-250°F (95-120°C) | For moderate restraint | | > 2 in (>50 mm) | 200°F (95°C) | 250-300°F (120-150°C) | High restraint, thick sections | | **Cold Weather (<32°F/0°C)** | **150°F (65°C)** | **200-250°F (95-120°C)** | Minimum regardless of thickness | #### **Interpass Temperature Control:** - **Maximum Interpass:** 400°F (205°C) generally recommended - **For High Restraint:** 350°F (175°C) maximum preferred - **Monitoring:** Continuous during welding of thick sections #### **Filler Metal Selection:** - **SMAW (Stick):** E7018, E7018-1 (low hydrogen essential) - **FCAW (Flux-cored):** E71T-1, E70T-1, E70T-5 (for out-of-position) - **GMAW (MIG):** ER70S-6, ER70S-3 - **SAW (Submerged):** F7A2-EM12K, F7A0-EA2-A2 - **For Critical Applications:** Consider E8018-C3 for improved toughness #### **Post-Weld Heat Treatment:** - **When Required:** Thickness > 1¼ in (32 mm) or highly restrained joints - **Temperature Range:** 1100-1200°F (595-650°C) - **Soaking Time:** 1 hour per inch of thickness, minimum 1 hour - **Heating/Cooling Rate:** Max 400°F/h (205°C/h) through 800°F (425°C) ### **Cutting & Edge Preparation:** - **Oxy-Fuel Cutting:** Standard practice, preheat ≥150°F (65°C) for >1 in - **Plasma Cutting:** Excellent results, minimal HAZ - **Mechanical Cutting:** Band saws, shears suitable for thinner material - **Edge Condition:** Remove slag and irregularities before welding ### **Forming Operations:** - **Cold Bending:** Minimum radius = 3× thickness for 90° bends - **Hot Forming:** Recommended at 1650-1800°F (900-980°C) - **Post-Forming Treatment:** Stress relief recommended after hot forming - **Local Heating:** For field adjustments, control temperature and cooling ### **Machining:** - **Tool Materials:** Carbide or high-speed steel with positive rake - **Cutting Speeds:** Moderate (150-250 SFM for turning) - **Coolant:** Recommended for heavy cuts - **Drilling/Tapping:** Standard carbon steel practices apply --- ## **8. Design Considerations** ### **Pressure Vessel Design (ASME Section VIII, Div. 1):** - **Allowable Stress Values:** Refer to ASME Section II, Part D, Table 1A - **Typical Values:** 20.0 ksi at 100°F, 17.5 ksi at 650°F (138 MPa at 38°C, 121 MPa at 345°C) - **Joint Efficiency:** 0.70-1.00 based on examination level - **Corrosion Allowance:** Typically ⅛ in (3.2 mm) for general service ### **Temperature Design Limits:** - **Minimum Design Metal Temperature (MDMT):** Can be as low as -20°F (-29°C) without impact testing - **For Lower MDMT:** Impact testing per ASME UCS-66 required - **Maximum Design Temperature:** 650°F (345°C) for continuous service - **Short-Term Exposure:** Up to 750°F (400°C) acceptable with reduced allowable stress ### **Thickness Design Considerations:** - **Minimum Thickness:** Often governed by corrosion allowance rather than stress - **Maximum Available:** Typically up to 12 in (300 mm) from major producers - **Property Derating:** Essential for accurate design of thick sections ### **Fatigue Considerations:** - **Cyclic Service:** Generally good for moderate cycles - **Notch Sensitivity:** Moderate - careful design of stress concentrations - **Weld Details:** Proper profiling and grinding improve fatigue life --- ## **9. Comparison with Related Grades** ### **A515 Grade 60 vs. A515 Grade 55:** | Parameter | Grade 60 | Grade 55 | Selection Considerations | |-----------|----------|----------|--------------------------| | **Yield Strength** | 415 MPa (60 ksi) | 380 MPa (55 ksi) | Grade 60 for higher pressure/thinner walls | | **Carbon Content** | 0.18-0.28% | 0.18-0.25% | Grade 60 slightly higher for strength | | **Manganese** | 0.70-1.00% | 0.60-0.90% | Grade 60 higher for hardenability | | **Elongation** | 19% min | 23% min | Grade 55 more ductile | | **Cost Premium** | ~5-10% higher | Baseline | Grade 55 more economical | | **Applications** | Higher pressure vessels | General pressure vessels | Pressure requirements dictate choice | ### **A515 Grade 60 vs. A516 Grade 60:** | Aspect | A515 Grade 60 | A516 Grade 60 | Key Differences | |--------|---------------|---------------|-----------------| | **Primary Design** | Elevated temperature | Moderate temperature | Temperature focus | | **Silicon Range** | 0.15-0.40% | 0.13-0.45% | Similar, but A515 optimized for high temp | | **Typical Use** | 400-650°F service | Up to 650°F (not optimized) | A515 preferred for sustained high temp | | **Market Share** | Smaller niche | Larger, general purpose | A516 more commonly stocked | | **Interchangeability** | Often interchangeable | Often interchangeable | Consult specific application requirements | ### **A515 Grade 60 vs. A387 Grade 2 (Cr-Mo):** | Consideration | A515 Grade 60 | A387 Grade 2 | Application Guidance | |---------------|---------------|--------------|---------------------| | **Temperature Capability** | Up to 650°F | Up to 900°F | A387 for higher temperatures | | **Cost** | Lower | 2-3× higher | A515 more economical | | **Weldability** | Better | Requires strict procedures | A515 easier to fabricate | | **High-Temp Strength** | Moderate | Good to 900°F | Temperature requirement dictates choice | | **Best For** | ≤650°F service | 650-900°F service | Clear temperature boundary | ### **International Comparison:** | Standard | Equivalent Grade | Yield Strength | Key Differences | |----------|-----------------|---------------|-----------------| | **EN 10028-2** | P355GH | 355 MPa | Lower strength, different test requirements | | **JIS G3115** | SPV355 | 355 MPa | Similar strength, JIS testing standards | | **GB 713** | Q345R | 345 MPa | Lower strength, Chinese standards | | **ISO 9328-2** | P355GH | 355 MPa | International harmonized standard | --- ## **10. Quality Control & Certification** ### **Standard Testing Requirements:** 1. **Chemical Analysis:** Ladle analysis mandatory, product analysis optional 2. **Tensile Testing:** One test per plate as-rolled, per heat if normalized 3. **Bend Test:** For weld procedure qualification 4. **Hardness Testing:** When specified for weldability assessment ### **Additional Tests (When Specified):** - **Charpy V-Notch Impact:** At specified temperature - **Ultrasonic Examination:** Per ASTM A435/A577/A578 - **Radiographic Standards:** For material qualification - **Hydrostatic Testing:** After fabrication ### **Certification Requirements:** - **Mill Test Certificate:** Complete with heat analysis and mechanical tests - **Heat Treatment Records:** If normalized or otherwise heat treated - **Traceability:** Complete from melt to finished plate - **Marking:** ASTM designation, grade, heat number, size, manufacturer ID ### **Common Supplementary Requirements:** - **Restricted Chemistry:** Tighter ranges for specific properties - **Enhanced Cleanliness:** Lower sulfur/phosphorus limits - **Special Testing:** Through-thickness properties for critical applications - **Third-Party Inspection:** For code compliance or customer requirements --- **Technical Summary:** ASTM A515 Grade 60 is a cost-effective carbon-silicon steel plate optimized for pressure vessel service at intermediate elevated temperatures up to 650°F (345°C). Its 60 ksi minimum yield strength provides a practical balance between elevated temperature performance, fabricability, and economy. While similar in many respects to A516 Grade 60, A515 Grade 60 is specifically formulated with silicon-enhanced chemistry for better strength retention at elevated temperatures. The material is particularly suitable for pressure vessels, heat exchangers, and storage tanks operating in the 400-650°F range where higher strength than Grade 55 is required but alloy steels would be unnecessarily expensive. With proper design, fabrication, and quality control, A515 Grade 60 offers reliable performance and good value for a wide range of industrial pressure equipment applications. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A515 Carbon Steel, Grade 60 Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <6020 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A515 Carbon Steel, Grade 60 Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Spherical ASTM A515 Carbon Steel Powder, Grade 60 Particle Size Description -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Applications of Spherical ASTM A515 Carbon Steel Powder, Grade 60 -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Applications of ASTM A515 Carbon Steel Spherical Powder, Grade 60 -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers ASTM A515 Carbon Steel Spherical Powder, Grade 60 -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of ASTM A515 Carbon Steel Spherical Powder, Grade 60 -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Spherical Powder drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 2491 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition