Spherical AISI 1012 Steel Powder

AISI 1012 Steel Spherical Powder, cold drawn Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1012 Steel Spherical Powder, cold drawn Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical AISI 1012 Steel Powder characteristics -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical AISI 1012 Steel Powder Particle Size -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- -:- 0-15μm ,5-25μm, 15-45μm, 15-53μm,20-63um, 45-75μm, 45-105μm, 45-150μm ,75-150μm. (Various granularities can be customized according to customer requirements) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Spherical AISI 1012 Steel Powder Applicable processes -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Laser/electron beam additive manufacturing (SLM/EBM, 3D printing) Direct laser deposition (DLD) Used in thermal spray (TSA) Powder hot isostatic pressing (HIP) Metal injection molding (MIM) Powder metallurgy (PM) Laser cladding (LC), etc. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical AISI 1012 Steel Powder Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1012 Steel, cold drawn Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # Product Datasheet: AISI 1012 Cold Drawn Steel Bar ## 1. Product Overview AISI 1012 is a low-carbon, non-alloy steel that offers a balance between formability and slightly improved strength compared to the lower-carbon 1008 and 1010 grades. When processed through cold drawing, the material achieves enhanced dimensional accuracy, superior surface finish, and increased mechanical strength through work hardening. This makes AISI 1012 cold drawn bars an excellent choice for applications requiring good machinability, consistent quality, and reliable performance in precision components. ## 2. Key Specifications & International Standards * **AISI/SAE Designation:** 1012 * **UNS Designation:** G10120 * **ASTM Standards:** * **ASTM A108** - Standard Specification for Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-Finished * **ASTM A29/A29M** - Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought and Cold-Finished (cold-finished requirements) * **Common Product Forms:** Cold drawn rounds, hexagons, squares, and flats * **Surface Finish:** Bright, smooth finish typical of cold drawing process * **Dimensional Tolerances:** Typically meets ASTM A108 commercial cold-drawn tolerances **International Equivalents:** * **Europe (EN):** 1.0031 (P235GH) or similar non-alloy engineering steel * **Germany (DIN):** C10, C12 (cold drawn variants) * **Japan (JIS):** S12C * **ISO:** Similar to ISO 683-18 grade specifications for cold drawn steels ## 3. Chemical Composition (%, Specification Requirements) | Element | Composition Range | Effect on Properties | |---------|------------------|----------------------| | **Carbon (C)** | 0.10% - 0.15% | Provides slightly higher strength than 1010 while maintaining good formability | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.30% - 0.60% | Enhances strength and hardenability, improves hot-working characteristics | | **Phosphorus (P)** | ≤ 0.040% max | Residual element; higher amounts improve machinability but reduce ductility | | **Sulfur (S)** | ≤ 0.050% max | Residual element; affects hot workability and weldability | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.10% - 0.20% (typical) | Deoxidizer, contributes to strength through solid solution strengthening | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | Base element | *Note:* The slightly higher carbon content compared to 1010 provides approximately 10-15% increase in as-drawn strength. ## 4. Physical & Mechanical Properties (Cold-Drawn Condition) ### Mechanical Properties: | Property | Typical Value Range | Testing Standard | |----------|---------------------|------------------| | **Tensile Strength** | 420 - 520 MPa (61 - 75 ksi) | ASTM A370 | | **Yield Strength (0.2% Offset)** | 350 - 450 MPa (51 - 65 ksi) | ASTM A370 | | **Elongation in 50 mm (2 in)** | 15% - 22% | ASTM A370 | | **Reduction of Area** | 40% - 50% | ASTM A370 | | **Hardness** | 115 - 140 HB | ASTM E10 | | **Modulus of Elasticity** | 190 - 210 GPa (27,500 - 30,500 ksi) | - | | **Shear Modulus** | 75 - 80 GPa (10,900 - 11,600 ksi) | - | | **Poisson's Ratio** | 0.29 - 0.30 | - | ### Physical Properties: | Property | Value | Conditions | |----------|-------|------------| | **Density** | 7.87 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³) | At 20°C (68°F) | | **Melting Point** | 1490 - 1520°C (2714 - 2768°F) | - | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 49.8 W/m·K | At 100°C | | **Electrical Resistivity** | 0.172 μΩ·m | At 20°C | | **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion** | 11.5 × 10⁻⁶/°C | 20-100°C range | | **Specific Heat Capacity** | 486 J/kg·K | At 20°C | ## 5. Material Characteristics ### Advantages of Cold Drawing Process: - **Enhanced Surface Finish:** Bright, smooth surface (typically 1.6-3.2 μm Ra) reduces or eliminates machining requirements - **Improved Dimensional Accuracy:** Tight tolerances (±0.05 to ±0.13 mm for typical diameters) - **Increased Strength:** Work hardening during cold drawing increases yield and tensile strength - **Better Straightness:** Superior straightness compared to hot-rolled products - **Consistent Properties:** More uniform mechanical properties throughout the bar length ### Material-Specific Properties: - **Machinability:** Good (rated 60-65% compared to 1212 as 100%) - **Weldability:** Excellent - all common welding methods applicable without preheating - **Formability:** Good for moderate bending and forming operations - **Hardenability:** Low - not suitable for through-hardening; responds well to case hardening - **Fatigue Strength:** Approximately 40-50% of tensile strength in rotating bending ## 6. Typical Applications ### Automotive Components: - Engine mounts and brackets - Clutch and brake system components - Linkage rods and pins - Non-critical shafting applications ### Machinery and Equipment: - General machine parts and components - Fasteners and bolts (non-critical) - Bushings and spacers - Rollers and guides - Agricultural equipment parts ### Construction and Hardware: - Construction hardware - Hinge pins and fasteners - Furniture components - Hand tool parts (screwdrivers, wrenches) ### Fabrication and Manufacturing: - CNC machining stock - Hydraulic and pneumatic cylinder parts - Conveyor system components - General fabrication where consistent dimensions are required ## 7. Manufacturing and Processing Information ### Cold Drawing Process: 1. **Starting Material:** Hot-rolled bar 2. **Surface Preparation:** Pickling to remove scale 3. **Drawing:** Pulling through progressively smaller dies 4. **Finishing:** Straightening and cutting to length 5. **Optional Treatments:** Stress relieving for critical applications ### Recommended Machining Parameters: | Operation | Speed (SFM) | Feed | Depth of Cut | Notes | |-----------|-------------|------|--------------|-------| | **Turning** | 250-350 | 0.005-0.015 in/rev | 0.100-0.250 in | Use sharp tools, positive rake | | **Drilling** | 80-100 | 0.003-0.008 in/rev | - | Peck drilling for deep holes | | **Milling** | 250-400 | 0.002-0.006 in/tooth | 0.050-0.150 in | Climb milling recommended | | **Tapping** | 40-60 | - | - | Use standard taps, adequate lubrication | ### Heat Treatment Options: - **Annealing:** 870-925°C (1600-1700°F), slow cooling to restore ductility - **Stress Relieving:** 540-650°C (1000-1200°F) for 1 hour per inch of thickness - **Case Hardening:** Carburizing at 900-925°C (1650-1700°F) for surface hardness up to 60 HRC ## 8. Quality Considerations ### Inspection and Testing: - **Chemical Analysis:** Spectrographic or wet chemical methods - **Mechanical Testing:** Tensile, hardness, and bend tests per ASTM standards - **Dimensional Verification:** Micrometer and optical measurement - **Surface Inspection:** Visual and profilometer analysis ### Storage and Handling: - Store in dry conditions to prevent rust - Handle with care to prevent surface damage - Use proper lifting equipment for larger diameters - Apply rust preventive oil for long-term storage ## 9. Comparison with Similar Grades | Grade | Carbon Content | Tensile Strength (CD) | Primary Applications | Cost Factor | |-------|---------------|----------------------|----------------------|-------------| | **1008** | 0.08% max | 380-450 MPa | Deep drawing, forming | Lowest | | **1010** | 0.08-0.13% | 400-480 MPa | General purpose | Low | | **1012** | 0.10-0.15% | 420-520 MPa | Machined parts, fasteners | Moderate | | **1015** | 0.13-0.18% | 450-550 MPa | Gears, shafts | Slightly higher | | **1018** | 0.15-0.20% | 480-580 MPa | High-strength applications | Higher | ## 10. Remarks and Technical Notes AISI 1012 cold drawn steel represents an optimal balance between: - **Cost-effectiveness** versus higher-carbon grades - **Machinability** versus lower-carbon grades - **Strength** versus formability requirements **Selection Considerations:** 1. Choose 1012 over 1010 when slightly higher strength is needed without sacrificing much formability 2. Consider stress relieving for parts undergoing complex machining to prevent distortion 3. For critical fatigue applications, verify actual fatigue properties through testing 4. Surface treatments (plating, coating) adhere well to the clean, smooth cold-drawn surface **Limitations:** - Not suitable for high-temperature applications (>400°C/750°F) - Limited wear resistance in abrasive environments - Lower impact strength at sub-zero temperatures compared to alloy steels **Environmental Considerations:** - 100% recyclable - Manufacturing process is energy-intensive but optimized in modern mills - Compatible with all common industrial coatings and plating processes --- *Note: The information provided is based on typical industry standards and practices. Actual properties may vary depending on manufacturer, specific production methods, and heat treatment. For critical applications, consult with material suppliers and conduct appropriate testing. Always refer to the manufacturer's technical data sheets for specific product information.* -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1012 Steel, cold drawn Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <5407 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1012 Steel, cold drawn Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Spherical AISI 1012 Steel Powder Particle Size Description -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Applications of Spherical AISI 1012 Steel Powder -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Applications of AISI 1012 Steel Spherical Powder, cold drawn -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AISI 1012 Steel Spherical Powder, cold drawn -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AISI 1012 Steel Spherical Powder, cold drawn -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Spherical Powder drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1878 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition