Spherical AISI 1016 Steel Powder

AISI 1016 Steel Spherical Powder, cold drawn, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1016 Steel Spherical Powder, cold drawn, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical AISI 1016 Steel Powder characteristics -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical AISI 1016 Steel Powder Particle Size -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- -:- 0-15μm ,5-25μm, 15-45μm, 15-53μm,20-63um, 45-75μm, 45-105μm, 45-150μm ,75-150μm. (Various granularities can be customized according to customer requirements) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Spherical AISI 1016 Steel Powder Applicable processes -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Laser/electron beam additive manufacturing (SLM/EBM, 3D printing) Direct laser deposition (DLD) Used in thermal spray (TSA) Powder hot isostatic pressing (HIP) Metal injection molding (MIM) Powder metallurgy (PM) Laser cladding (LC), etc. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical AISI 1016 Steel Powder Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1016 Steel, cold drawn, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # Product Datasheet: AISI 1016 Cold Drawn Steel Round Bar ## 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) Diameter Range --- ### 1. PRODUCT OVERVIEW **AISI 1016 Cold Drawn Steel Round Bar** is a precision-engineered low-carbon steel product manufactured through cold drawing processes to achieve superior dimensional accuracy, enhanced mechanical properties, and excellent surface finish. Positioned within the 10xx series of standard carbon steels, AISI 1016 offers a balanced combination of moderate strength, good ductility, and excellent machinability. Supplied in the widely utilized **19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 inch) diameter range**, this material represents an optimal size for a broad spectrum of precision mechanical components, combining adequate cross-sectional strength with efficient material utilization. The cold drawing process imparts significant work hardening that increases yield and tensile strength while producing a bright, scale-free surface ideal for immediate use in machining operations or as-finished components. This specific diameter range is among the most versatile and commonly specified sizes across general manufacturing, automotive, and machinery industries, offering excellent handling characteristics and cost-effectiveness for medium-duty applications. --- ### 2. KEY SPECIFICATIONS & INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS | **Parameter** | **Specification** | |---------------|-------------------| | **AISI/SAE Grade** | 1016 | | **UNS Designation** | G10160 | | **Primary Standard** | **ASTM A108** - Standard Specification for Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-Finished | | **Dimensional Standard** | ASTM A108 Table 4 - Commercial Tolerances for Cold-Finished Bars | | **Diameter Range** | **19-32 mm** (0.75-1.25 inches) - Standard commercial increments | | **Product Form** | Cold drawn round bars, straight lengths | | **Surface Condition** | Bright cold-drawn finish, scale-free | | **Straightness** | Commercial straightness: Typically ≤ 1.5 mm per meter | | **Lengths** | Standard 3m, 4m, 6m; cut-to-length available | **International Equivalents:** - **EN (Europe):** 1.0406 (C16) per EN 10083-2 - **DIN (Germany):** C16, CK16 (+C for cold drawn) - **JIS (Japan):** S15C, SWRCH15K (closest equivalent; JIS S15C ≈ AISI 1015) - **GB (China):** 15# (冷拉圆钢) - similar grade - **ISO:** ISO 683-18 Grade 1.0406 - **India:** C16 (IS 5517) --- ### 3. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (% BY WEIGHT) | **Element** | **Standard Range** | **Typical Analysis** | **Effect on Properties & Processing** | |-------------|-------------------|----------------------|---------------------------------------| | **Carbon (C)** | **0.13 - 0.18%** | 0.16% | Primary strengthening element; balanced for optimal cold drawing response | | **Manganese (Mn)** | **0.60 - 0.90%** | 0.75% | **Higher than 1015** - enhances hardenability, improves response to cold working | | **Phosphorus (P)** | **≤ 0.040% max** | 0.015% | Residual element; improves machinability but controlled for ductility | | **Sulfur (S)** | **≤ 0.050% max** | 0.025% | Improves chip formation in machining; controlled to prevent hot shortness | | **Silicon (Si)** | **0.10 - 0.20%** (typical) | 0.15% | Deoxidizer; contributes to strength through solid solution strengthening | | **Copper (Cu)** | ≤ 0.20% (when specified) | 0.10% | Optional for improved atmospheric corrosion resistance | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | Balance | Base metal | **Key Composition Notes for AISI 1016:** - **Elevated Manganese:** 0.60-0.90% range distinguishes 1016 from 1015 (0.30-0.60% Mn) - **Carbon Equivalent:** CE = C + (Mn/6) ≈ 0.26-0.33, indicating **good weldability** with potential need for preheat in thicker sections - **Work Hardening Response:** Higher manganese enhances strain hardening during cold drawing - **Machinability:** Controlled sulfur provides good chip breaking characteristics --- ### 4. PHYSICAL & MECHANICAL PROPERTIES #### 4.1 Mechanical Properties (Cold-Drawn, As-Delivered) | **Property** | **Guaranteed Minimum** | **Typical Range** | **Test Method** | **Notes for 19-32 mm Range** | |--------------|------------------------|-------------------|-----------------|------------------------------| | **Tensile Strength** | 460 MPa (67 ksi) | **480-570 MPa** (70-83 ksi) | ASTM A370 | Higher than 1015 due to elevated manganese | | **Yield Strength (0.2% offset)** | 390 MPa (57 ksi) | **410-500 MPa** (59-73 ksi) | ASTM A370 | Significant increase from work hardening | | **Elongation in 50 mm** | 16% | **18-26%** | ASTM A370 | Maintains good ductility despite cold work | | **Reduction of Area** | 42% | **46-56%** | ASTM A370 | Good formability indicator | | **Hardness (Brinell)** | - | **130-155 HB** | ASTM E10 | Higher than 1015 due to Mn and cold work | | **Hardness (Rockwell B)** | - | **75-90 HRB** | ASTM E18 | Commonly specified for cold-drawn material | | **Shear Strength** | - | **320-380 MPa** (46-55 ksi) | - | Approximately 0.67 × tensile strength | | **Fatigue Strength** (Rotating beam, 10⁷ cycles) | - | **210-260 MPa** (30-38 ksi) | Polished specimens | Good for rotating shaft applications | | **Modulus of Elasticity** | - | **200 GPa** (29,000 ksi) | - | Unaffected by cold working | | **Machinability Rating** | - | **70-78%** (vs. 1212 as 100%) | - | Good chip formation characteristics | #### 4.2 Physical Properties | **Property** | **Value** | **Conditions / Notes** | |--------------|-----------|------------------------| | **Diameter Range** | **19-32 mm** (0.75-1.25 in) | Commercial sizes with standard increments | | **Cross-sectional Area** | **284-804 mm²** (0.44-1.25 in²) | Varies with diameter; for load calculations | | **Weight per Meter** | **2.23-6.31 kg/m** (1.50-4.24 lb/ft) | Important for handling and costing | | **Density** | **7.85 g/cm³** (0.284 lb/in³) | At 20°C | | **Melting Point** | **1480-1520°C** (2696-2768°F) | - | | **Thermal Conductivity** | **49.5 W/m·K** | At 100°C | | **Electrical Resistivity** | **0.171 μΩ·m** | At 20°C | | **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion** | **11.6 × 10⁻⁶/°C** | 20-100°C range | | **Specific Heat Capacity** | **485 J/kg·K** | At 20°C | | **Surface Roughness** | **1.6-3.2 μm Ra** | Typical cold-drawn finish | #### 4.3 Effect of Cold Drawing on 19-32 mm Bars | **Aspect** | **Effect** | **Benefit for This Size Range** | |------------|------------|---------------------------------| | **Strength Increase** | Yield strength increases 40-60% vs. hot-rolled | Higher load capacity in compact designs | | **Surface Finish** | Bright, smooth finish (Ra 1.6-3.2 μm) | Eliminates need for surface preparation | | **Dimensional Accuracy** | Tight tolerances (±0.05-0.10 mm typical) | Consistent sizing for automated machining | | **Straightness** | Excellent (≤1.5 mm/m) | Reduces vibration in rotating applications | | **Work Hardening** | Uniform through cross-section | Consistent machining behavior | --- ### 5. MANUFACTURING PROCESS & QUALITY FEATURES #### 5.1 Cold Drawing Process Flow 1. **Starting Material:** Hot-rolled AISI 1016 bars, properly annealed 2. **Pickling:** Acid cleaning to remove mill scale 3. **Phosphating/Lubrication:** Surface treatment for drawing 4. **Cold Drawing:** Single or multiple passes through carbide dies 5. **Straightening:** Rotary or precision straightening 6. **Cutting:** Saw cutting to required lengths 7. **Inspection:** Dimensional, surface, and sample testing 8. **Packaging:** Bundling with protective coating #### 5.2 Key Quality Attributes for 19-32 mm Range - **Diameter Consistency:** Variation typically within ±0.08 mm across bar length - **Surface Integrity:** Free from seams, pits, and drawing marks - **Roundness:** Excellent concentricity (typically within 0.06 mm TIR) - **Microstructure:** Fine ferrite-pearlite with elongated grains in drawing direction - **Decarburization:** Minimal surface decarb (< 0.05 mm depth) - **Residual Stress:** Controlled compressive surface stress --- ### 6. TYPICAL APPLICATIONS #### 6.1 Automotive Components - **Engine Components:** Valve guides, tappets, push rods - **Transmission:** Shift rods, selector shafts, gear blanks (for carburizing) - **Steering:** Tie rod ends, steering column shafts - **Suspension:** Strut rods, bushings, linkage pins - **Brake Systems:** Caliper pins, brake adjuster screws #### 6.2 General Machinery & Equipment - **Shafting:** Line shafts, counter shafts, drive shafts (light-medium duty) - **Fasteners:** High-quality bolt blanks, studs, precision pins - **Bushings & Bearings:** Sleeve bearings, plain bushings (often case hardened) - **Hydraulic Components:** Cylinder rods, piston rods, valve spools - **Textile Machinery:** Spindle shafts, roller pins, guide components #### 6.3 Industrial Manufacturing - **CNC Machining:** Primary stock for turned parts, fittings, connectors - **Tooling:** Jig and fixture components, alignment pins, arbors - **Material Handling:** Conveyor rollers, guide rails, support pins - **Agricultural Equipment:** Implement shafts, pivot pins, linkage components #### 6.4 Consumer & Commercial Products - **Appliance Components:** Motor shafts, mixer components, hinge pins - **Furniture Mechanisms:** Pivot shafts, adjustment rods, hinge components - **Exercise Equipment:** Weight stack rods, pulley pins, frame connectors - **Hardware:** High-grade hinge pins, latch components, locking mechanisms #### 6.5 Special Applications - **Medical Device Components:** After additional processing and certification - **Instrumentation Parts:** Precision measurement equipment components - **Robotic Components:** Joint pins, actuator shafts in small to medium robots - **Camera & Optical Equipment:** Focus mechanisms, positioning components --- ### 7. PROCESSING & FABRICATION GUIDELINES #### 7.1 Machining Recommendations (Optimized for 19-32 mm) | **Operation** | **Cutting Speed** | **Feed Rate** | **Depth of Cut** | **Tool Recommendation** | |---------------|-------------------|---------------|------------------|-------------------------| | **Turning** | 130-190 m/min | 0.15-0.30 mm/rev | 1.5-3.0 mm | Carbide insert, positive rake geometry | | **Drilling** | 25-35 m/min | 0.10-0.20 mm/rev | Full diameter | HSS or carbide drill, 118° point | | **Milling** | 100-160 m/min | 0.08-0.15 mm/tooth | 1.0-2.5 mm | 4-flute carbide end mill | | **Tapping** | 8-12 m/min | Pitch determined | - | HSS spiral-point tap | | **Threading** | 30-50 m/min | Pitch determined | Multiple passes | Carbide threading insert | | **Cut-off** | 80-120 m/min | 0.08-0.12 mm/tooth | Full diameter | Bimetal bandsaw blades | **Coolant Recommendation:** Soluble oil (5-8% concentration) or synthetic coolant for optimal tool life and surface finish. #### 7.2 Heat Treatment Options | **Treatment** | **Temperature Range** | **Soak Time** | **Result** | **Typical Application** | |---------------|----------------------|---------------|------------|-------------------------| | **Stress Relieving** | 540-650°C | 1 hr/inch | Reduces machining stresses | Precision components before final machining | | **Annealing** | 870-925°C | 1-2 hrs | Maximum softness | Severe cold forming operations | | **Carburizing** | 900-925°C | 2-8 hrs | Case hardening (0.5-1.2 mm) | Wear surfaces, gears, bearing races | | **Normalizing** | 900-950°C | 1 hr/inch | Grain refinement | Property improvement after forging | #### 7.3 Welding Parameters (for 19-32 mm sections) | **Process** | **Electrode/Filler** | **Current/Voltage** | **Preheat** | **Notes** | |-------------|----------------------|---------------------|-------------|-----------| | **GMAW (MIG)** | ER70S-6 | 140-190A, 18-24V | None for <25mm | Primary process for fabrication | | **GTAW (TIG)** | ER70S-2 | 80-130A, 10-15V | None for <25mm | Precision work, root passes | | **SMAW (Stick)** | E7018 | 100-140A (3.2-4.0 mm) | None for <25mm | Field repair, maintenance | | **Resistance Welding** | - | Time/force controlled | - | Suitable for fabrication | --- ### 8. QUALITY ASSURANCE & INSPECTION #### 8.1 Standard Testing Protocol 1. **Chemical Analysis:** Spectrographic OES for each heat 2. **Mechanical Testing:** Tensile test from sample bar (one per heat) 3. **Hardness Testing:** Brinell or Rockwell B on sample material 4. **Dimensional Check:** Full lot sampling per ASTM A108 5. **Surface Inspection:** 100% visual inspection for surface defects 6. **Straightness Verification:** Spot checking per order requirements #### 8.2 Available Certifications - **Mill Test Certificate 3.1** per EN 10204 - **Certificate of Compliance** with ASTM A108 - **Chemical Analysis Report** - **RoHS/REACH Compliance Statement** - **Material Traceability Documentation** #### 8.3 Industry-Specific Requirements - **Automotive:** Often requires PPAP documentation and SPC data - **Aerospace:** May require additional NDT testing and tighter documentation - **Medical:** Cleanliness certifications and special handling protocols - **Defense:** Lot traceability and certified test reports --- ### 9. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS WITH SIMILAR GRADES | **Property** | **AISI 1016 CD** | **AISI 1015 CD** | **AISI 1018 CD** | **AISI 1020 CD** | |--------------|------------------|------------------|------------------|------------------| | **Carbon %** | 0.13-0.18 | 0.13-0.18 | 0.15-0.20 | 0.18-0.23 | | **Manganese %** | 0.60-0.90 | 0.30-0.60 | 0.60-0.90 | 0.30-0.60 | | **Tensile (MPa)** | 480-570 | 460-550 | 500-590 | 520-620 | | **Yield (MPa)** | 410-500 | 390-480 | 430-520 | 450-550 | | **Hardness (HB)** | 130-155 | 125-150 | 135-160 | 140-165 | | **Machinability** | 70-78% | 70-75% | 75-80% | 65-70% | | **Cost Factor** | 1.02-1.05 | 1.00 | 1.05-1.08 | 1.08-1.12 | --- ### 10. TECHNICAL ADVANTAGES FOR 19-32 mm APPLICATIONS #### 10.1 Material Advantages - **Enhanced Strength:** Higher manganese provides better strength than 1015 - **Good Hardenability:** Better response to case hardening than lower-Mn grades - **Consistent Quality:** Cold drawing ensures uniform properties - **Excellent Surface:** Bright finish reduces pre-machining preparation - **Predictable Machining:** Controlled chemistry ensures consistent performance #### 10.2 Economic Benefits - **Optimal Size Range:** 19-32 mm offers best balance of strength and weight - **Reduced Processing:** Bright finish often eliminates need for surface preparation - **Efficient Machining:** Good machinability reduces production time and cost - **Material Utilization:** Efficient use of material in final components - **Availability:** Widely stocked in standard sizes --- ### 11. PACKAGING, STORAGE & HANDLING #### 11.1 Standard Packaging - **Bundling:** Hexagonal or rectangular bundling with steel straps - **Protection:** VCI paper wrapping or rust preventive oil coating - **Identification:** Color coding and tagged labels with heat number - **Lengths:** Standard 3m, 4m, or 6m lengths; cut-to-order available #### 11.2 Storage Recommendations - **Environment:** Dry, covered storage (relative humidity < 60%) - **Stacking:** Flat on racks with uniform support every 1-1.5 meters - **Handling:** Use spreader bars or C-hooks to prevent bending - **First-In-First-Out:** Implement FIFO inventory management #### 11.3 Safety Considerations - **Lifting:** Use appropriate lifting equipment for bundles (500-2000 kg typical) - **Cutting:** Employ proper guarding and PPE for sawing operations - **Machining:** Implement chip control and coolant management systems - **Welding:** Ensure adequate ventilation and fume extraction --- ### 12. PROCUREMENT SPECIFICATIONS When ordering AISI 1016 Cold Drawn bars in 19-32 mm diameter, specify: 1. **Material Grade:** AISI 1016 Cold Drawn 2. **Diameter:** Exact size or range within 19-32 mm 3. **Tolerance:** Commercial per ASTM A108 or special if required 4. **Length:** Cut lengths or random mill lengths 5. **Condition:** As-drawn, stress relieved, or annealed 6. **Surface:** Standard bright finish or special requirements 7. **Certification:** Required documentation level (MTC 2.2, 3.1, etc.) 8. **Packaging:** Protective requirements for transport/storage --- ### 13. LIMITATIONS & SPECIAL NOTES #### 13.1 Limitations - Not suitable for high-temperature applications (>400°C continuous) - Limited wear resistance in abrasive environments without surface treatment - Reduced impact toughness at low temperatures compared to alloy steels - May require stress relief after severe machining to prevent distortion #### 13.2 Applications to Avoid - High temperature service (>400°C) - Severe corrosive environments without protection - Critical dynamic loading without proper fatigue analysis - Pressure vessel applications without proper certification #### 13.3 Special Processing Notes - **Thread Rolling:** Excellent for thread forming operations - **Knurling:** Produces clean, well-defined patterns - **Centerless Grinding:** Can be finished to tight tolerances if required - **Plating/Coating:** Excellent substrate for zinc, nickel, chrome, or organic coatings --- ### 14. TECHNICAL SUMMARY AISI 1016 Cold Drawn Steel Round Bar in the 19-32 mm diameter range offers an optimal combination of strength, machinability, and dimensional accuracy for precision mechanical components. The elevated manganese content (0.60-0.90%) distinguishes it from similar grades like 1015, providing enhanced hardenability and strength while maintaining excellent cold drawing characteristics. This material is particularly well-suited for: - Automotive components requiring good strength and case hardenability - General machinery parts needing consistent machining performance - Fastener applications where controlled properties are important - Applications benefiting from the bright, as-drawn surface finish The cold drawing process ensures superior dimensional accuracy and surface finish, often eliminating the need for additional surface preparation and reducing overall manufacturing costs. --- **DISCLAIMER:** This technical datasheet provides general information based on industry standards and typical manufacturing practices. Properties may vary by manufacturer, heat, and processing conditions. For critical applications, conduct appropriate testing and consult with qualified engineering personnel. Always verify specifications with suppliers and refer to current edition of relevant standards. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1016 Steel, cold drawn, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <5424 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: AISI 1016 Steel, cold drawn, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Spherical AISI 1016 Steel Powder Particle Size Description -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Applications of Spherical AISI 1016 Steel Powder -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Applications of AISI 1016 Steel Spherical Powder, cold drawn, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers AISI 1016 Steel Spherical Powder, cold drawn, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of AISI 1016 Steel Spherical Powder, cold drawn, 19-32 mm (0.75-1.25 in) round -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Spherical Powder drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1895 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition