Spherical ASTM A227M Steel Powder, Class II

ASTM A227M Steel Spherical Powder Wire, Class II Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A227M Steel Spherical Powder Wire, Class II Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical ASTM A227M Steel Powder, Class II characteristics -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical ASTM A227M Steel Powder, Class II Particle Size -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- -:- 0-15μm ,5-25μm, 15-45μm, 15-53μm,20-63um, 45-75μm, 45-105μm, 45-150μm ,75-150μm. (Various granularities can be customized according to customer requirements) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Spherical ASTM A227M Steel Powder, Class II Applicable processes -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Laser/electron beam additive manufacturing (SLM/EBM, 3D printing) Direct laser deposition (DLD) Used in thermal spray (TSA) Powder hot isostatic pressing (HIP) Metal injection molding (MIM) Powder metallurgy (PM) Laser cladding (LC), etc. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical ASTM A227M Steel Powder, Class II Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A227M Steel Wire, Class II Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Product Datasheet: ASTM A227M Class II Hard-Drawn Steel Wire (Metric)** ## **1. Product Overview** **ASTM A227M Class II** represents the premium-grade **hard-drawn, high-carbon steel spring wire** in metric dimensions, engineered to deliver the **highest commercially available tensile strength** within this material category. Manufactured through an optimized cold-drawing process without final heat treatment, Class II wire achieves exceptional mechanical properties through extreme cold work, making it the material of choice for applications demanding maximum load capacity in minimal space. This wire delivers superior performance where ultimate tensile strength takes precedence over high-cycle fatigue resistance, providing an optimal balance between mechanical capability and manufacturing economics for high-stress spring applications. ## **2. International Standards & Designations** | System/Authority | Designation | Specification Title / Relationship | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **ASTM International** | **ASTM A227/A227M** | Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Cold-Drawn for Mechanical Springs (Metric) | | **Grade** | **Class II** | High Tensile Strength Grade (Metric) | | **ISO** | **ISO 8458-3** | Patented cold-drawn non-alloy steel spring wire - High strength grade | | **EN (Europe)** | **EN 10270-1** | Steel wire for mechanical springs - Part 1: Patented cold-drawn unalloyed spring steel wire (SH grade, high strength variant) | | **JIS (Japan)** | **JIS G 3521** | Hard Drawn Steel Wire for Springs (SW-H) | | **DIN (Germany)** | **DIN 17223-1** | Patented cold-drawn unalloyed steel spring wire - Type B (high strength) | | **Industry Terminology** | Extra-Hard Drawn Wire, High-Tensile HD Wire, Super Hard Metric Wire | ## **3. Chemical Composition (% by Weight)** Class II wire utilizes a higher base carbon content and refined processing to achieve its superior mechanical properties. | Element | ASTM A227M Requirement (Typical) | Typical % Range | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Carbon (C)** | **0.65 - 0.85** | 0.70 - 0.82 | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.50 - 0.90 | 0.65 - 0.85 | | **Phosphorus (P)** | ≤ 0.040 | ≤ 0.025 | | **Sulfur (S)** | ≤ 0.050 | ≤ 0.025 | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.15 - 0.35 | 0.15 - 0.25 | | **Residual Elements** | Cu ≤ 0.20, Ni ≤ 0.25, Cr ≤ 0.20, Mo ≤ 0.10 | Typically within these limits | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | Balance | **Manufacturing Technology:** Production begins with high-quality steel rod (typically AISI 1070-1080 grade). After precise **patenting treatment** to establish optimal microstructure, the wire undergoes **severe cold drawing reductions** - approximately 15-25% greater reduction than Class I for equivalent diameters. The final draw achieves both dimensional precision and extreme cold work that defines Class II's mechanical characteristics. **No final tempering is applied**, preserving the maximum achievable strength from cold working. ## **4. Mechanical & Physical Properties (Metric)** Properties exhibit strong diameter dependence with Class II consistently exceeding Class I values. | Property | ASTM A227M Class II Specifications | Test Standard | Technical Notes | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Condition** | **Hard Drawn, Extra-Hard** | -- | Maximum cold work condition | | **Tensile Strength (Rₘ)** | **Diameter-Dependent Values:**
• 0.50 mm: 2350 - 2600 MPa
• 2.00 mm: 1950 - 2150 MPa
• 4.00 mm: 1700 - 1900 MPa
• 6.00 mm: 1550 - 1750 MPa | ASTM A370 / ISO 6892-1 | **12-18% higher than Class I** across diameter range | | **Minimum Yield Strength** | Typically 85-90% of tensile strength | ASTM A370 | Excellent resistance to permanent set | | **Torsion Performance** | Minimum twists: 12-30 (depending on diameter) | ASTM A938 | Lower than Class I due to higher strength | | **Wrapping Test** | Must withstand wrapping around mandrel 2× wire diameter | Practical Test | Verifies formability limits | | **Surface Integrity** | Bright, smooth, free from defects (Ra ≤ 0.8 μm) | ISO 21920-2 / Visual | Critical for high-stress applications | | **Dimensional Tolerance** | h11 tolerance grade per ISO 286 (±0.06mm for 6mm wire) | -- | Precision manufacturing | | **Modulus of Elasticity (E)** | 205 - 210 GPa | -- | Slightly elevated due to cold work | | **Shear Modulus (G)** | 78 - 82 GPa | -- | For torsion applications | | **Density** | 7.85 g/cm³ | ISO 3369 | | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 48 W/m·K | -- | At 20°C | ## **5. Key Characteristics & Advantages** * **Maximum Strength-to-Weight Ratio:** Delivers highest load capacity per cross-sectional area among standard hard-drawn wires * **Superior Elastic Performance:** Exceptionally high elastic limit enables springs to operate at higher stress levels * **Enhanced Dimensional Stability:** Extreme cold work produces excellent dimensional consistency and minimal spring relaxation * **Cost-Effective High Performance:** Provides strength approaching music wire at approximately 30-40% lower cost * **Surface Quality Excellence:** Superior surface finish minimizes stress concentrators for improved fatigue life * **Predictable Manufacturing:** Consistent mechanical properties enable reliable spring design and production * **No Surface Decarburization:** Elimination of final heat treatment preserves full surface carbon content ## **6. Primary Applications** Class II wire serves critical applications where space constraints and high load requirements coexist. * **High-Stress Compression Springs:** Automotive transmission components, heavy-duty clutch springs, industrial valve springs * **Precision Extension Springs:** Aerospace control systems, medical device mechanisms, high-performance tooling * **Torsion Applications:** High-torque relay springs, precision instrument components, automotive throttle returns * **Specialty Spring Washers:** Belleville washers for high-load applications in limited spaces * **Safety-Critical Components:** Firearm springs, safety mechanism springs, emergency release systems * **Industrial Fastening:** High-strength retaining rings, precision clips for automotive and aerospace ## **7. Processing & Fabrication Guidelines** * **Spring Manufacturing:** - **Coiling:** Requires specialized equipment with precision tension control - **Mandrel Ratios:** Minimum coiling diameter = 4-6 × wire diameter - **Stress Relieving:** **Mandatory** at 250-320°C for 45-90 minutes - **Set Removal:** Thermal-mechanical processing may be required * **Surface Treatment:** - **Plating:** Zinc, cadmium, or nickel plating with **mandatory baking** - **Baking Protocol:** 200-230°C for 4-8 hours post-plating - **Alternative Coatings:** Phosphate or organic coatings preferred for corrosion protection * **Quality Control:** - **100% Eddy Current Testing** recommended for critical applications - **Statistical Process Control** for diameter and strength monitoring - **Spring Testing:** Load testing at 1.25× design load for validation * **Design Limitations:** - **Not recommended** for applications exceeding 250°C continuous service - **Avoid** in highly corrosive environments without adequate protection - **Limited suitability** for ultra-high cycle fatigue (>10⁷ cycles) ## **8. Comparative Performance Analysis** | Parameter | Class I | **Class II** | Oil-Tempered A229M | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Tensile Strength (4mm)** | 1550-1700 MPa | **1700-1900 MPa** | 1600-1800 MPa | | **Formability Index** | 100% | 75-80% | 120% | | **Fatigue Limit (Rotating Beam)** | ~450 MPa | ~500 MPa | ~550 MPa | | **Cost Index** | 100% | 120-130% | 140-150% | | **Hydrogen Embrittlement Risk** | Moderate | **High** | Moderate | | **Optimal Application** | General purpose | **Maximum strength** | High fatigue applications | ## **9. Quality Assurance & Certification** Material supplied with comprehensive documentation: * **EN 10204 3.1 Certificate** with full traceability * **Chemical Analysis** from ladle and product samples * **Mechanical Test Reports** including tensile, torsion, and wrapping tests * **Metallurgical Analysis** confirming microstructure * **Surface Quality Report** with roughness measurements * **Statistical Process Data** for key parameters ## **10. Technical Notes & Safety Considerations** * **Hydrogen Embrittlement:** Extreme sensitivity requires careful handling of all post-processing * **Storage Conditions:** Controlled environment with relative humidity <60% recommended * **Shelf Life:** 12 months maximum in original packaging for critical applications * **Rejection Criteria:** Surface imperfections >0.5% of diameter depth require rejection --- **Disclaimer:** This technical datasheet provides reference information for ASTM A227M Class II wire. Final design and specification must be based on the complete requirements of the latest edition of **ASTM A227/A227M**. Mechanical properties vary with diameter, and designers must consult the standard's tables for specific values. For safety-critical applications, prototype testing under simulated service conditions is mandatory. Consultation with certified spring engineers is strongly recommended before final material selection. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A227M Steel Wire, Class II Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <6412 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A227M Steel Wire, Class II Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Spherical ASTM A227M Steel Powder, Class II Particle Size Description -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Applications of Spherical ASTM A227M Steel Powder, Class II -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Applications of ASTM A227M Steel Spherical Powder Wire, Class II -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers ASTM A227M Steel Spherical Powder Wire, Class II -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of ASTM A227M Steel Spherical Powder Wire, Class II -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Spherical Powder drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 2883 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition