Spherical ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Powder, Grade 11, Class 1

ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Spherical Powder, Grade 11, Class 1 Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Spherical Powder, Grade 11, Class 1 Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Powder, Grade 11, Class 1 characteristics -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Powder, Grade 11, Class 1 Particle Size -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- -:- 0-15μm ,5-25μm, 15-45μm, 15-53μm,20-63um, 45-75μm, 45-105μm, 45-150μm ,75-150μm. (Various granularities can be customized according to customer requirements) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Spherical ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Powder, Grade 11, Class 1 Applicable processes -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Laser/electron beam additive manufacturing (SLM/EBM, 3D printing) Direct laser deposition (DLD) Used in thermal spray (TSA) Powder hot isostatic pressing (HIP) Metal injection molding (MIM) Powder metallurgy (PM) Laser cladding (LC), etc. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Powder, Grade 11, Class 1 Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A387 Alloy Steel, Grade 11, Class 1 Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ## **ASTM A387 Grade 11 Class 1 - 1.25% Chromium-0.50% Molybdenum Alloy Steel Plate for High-Temperature Service** ### **1. Product Overview** **ASTM A387 Grade 11 Class 1** is a **chromium-molybdenum alloy steel plate** specifically designed for **pressure vessel applications operating at elevated temperatures**. This specification covers **1.25% chromium and 0.50% molybdenum alloy steel** supplied in the **annealed or normalized and tempered condition**, making it suitable for welded boilers, pressure vessels, and other high-temperature components where enhanced strength, creep resistance, and oxidation resistance are required beyond the capabilities of carbon-molybdenum steels. Class 1 designation indicates the material is supplied in the **annealed condition**, providing optimal microstructure for subsequent forming and welding operations, with final properties typically achieved through post-fabrication heat treatment. Grade 11 represents a balanced chromium-molybdenum alloy that offers significant improvements in high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance compared to plain carbon or carbon-molybdenum steels, while maintaining reasonable weldability and fabricability. ### **2. Key International Standards & Specifications** | Standard System | Equivalent Designation | Notes | |-----------------|------------------------|-------| | **ASTM/ASME** | **ASTM A387/A387M Grade 11 Class 1** / **SA-387 Grade 11 Class 1** | Primary specification, ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code Section I & VIII | | **European (EN)** | **EN 10028-2: 13CrMo4-5** | Similar 1.25Cr-0.5Mo steel for pressure purposes | | **Japanese (JIS)** | **JIS G4109 SCMV 1** | Chromium-molybdenum steel plates for pressure vessels | | **German (DIN)** | **1.7335** | 13CrMo4-5 designation | | **ISO** | **ISO 9328-2** | Steel plates for pressure purposes - elevated temperatures | | **Chinese** | **GB 713 15CrMoR** | Similar chromium-molybdenum pressure vessel steel | | **Unified Numbering System** | **UNS K11789** | Standard material designation | **Classification Society Approvals:** Widely accepted by ABS, DNV, LR, BV, and other major societies for high-temperature applications. ### **3. Chemical Composition (% by Weight)** | Element | ASTM A387 Grade 11 Class 1 Requirements | Metallurgical Purpose | |---------|------------------------------------------|------------------------| | **Carbon (C)** | **0.05-0.17%** | Controlled for weldability while providing adequate strength | | **Manganese (Mn)** | **0.40-0.65%** | Enhances hardenability and strength; controlled range | | **Phosphorus (P)** | **0.025% maximum** | Stringent control to prevent temper embrittlement | | **Sulfur (S)** | **0.025% maximum** | Strict control for improved hot workability and toughness | | **Silicon (Si)** | **0.50-0.80%** | **Elevated range** - enhances oxidation resistance at high temperatures | | **Chromium (Cr)** | **1.00-1.50%** | **Primary alloying element** - improves oxidation and corrosion resistance, enhances high-temperature strength | | **Molybdenum (Mo)** | **0.45-0.65%** | **Key alloying element** - provides solid solution strengthening, improves creep resistance, reduces temper embrittlement | | **Nickel (Ni)** | **0.40% maximum** (residual) | May be present | | **Copper (Cu)** | **0.20% maximum** (residual) | May be present | | **Vanadium (V)** | **0.03% maximum** (residual) | Kept low to prevent excessive hardenability | **Key Metallurgical Features:** - **Carbon Equivalent (CE):** Typically 0.40-0.50% (IIW formula) - **Chromium-Molybdenum Synergy:** Cr provides oxidation resistance; Mo enhances creep strength - **Class 1 Condition:** Annealed for maximum ductility and formability - **Hardenability:** Moderate, suitable for thick sections up to 6 inches ### **4. Mechanical & Physical Properties** #### **4.1 Tensile Properties (Annealed Condition - As Supplied)** | Property | Minimum Requirement | Typical Range | Test Standard | |----------|---------------------|---------------|---------------| | **Yield Strength (0.2% offset)** | **30 ksi (205 MPa)** | 32-40 ksi (220-275 MPa) | ASTM A370 | | **Tensile Strength** | **55-80 ksi (380-550 MPa)** | 60-70 ksi (415-485 MPa) | ASTM A370 | | **Elongation (in 2" / 50mm gauge)** | **30%** minimum | 32-38% | ASTM A370 | | **Reduction of Area** | Not specified | Typically 60-70% | ASTM A370 | **Note:** Class 1 properties are typically lower than Class 2 (normalized and tempered) as the material is intended for subsequent forming and heat treatment. #### **4.2 Elevated Temperature Properties (After Final Heat Treatment)** | Temperature | Yield Strength Retention | Tensile Strength Retention | Creep Design Considerations | |-------------|--------------------------|----------------------------|-----------------------------| | **800°F (425°C)** | ~85% of RT value | ~90% of RT value | Good creep resistance begins | | **1000°F (540°C)** | ~70% of RT value | ~75% of RT value | Maximum recommended continuous service | | **1200°F (650°C)** | ~50% of RT value | ~55% of RT value | Short-term exposure only | #### **4.3 Toughness Properties** | Condition | Charpy V-Notch Requirement | Typical Values | Test Temperature | |-----------|----------------------------|----------------|------------------| | **Annealed (As-supplied)** | Not typically specified | 60-80 ft-lb (81-108 J) | +68°F (+20°C) | | **After Final HT** | Often specified | 40-60 ft-lb (54-81 J) | +68°F (+20°C) | | **Low Temperature** | When specified | 25-40 ft-lb (34-54 J) | -20°F (-29°C) | #### **4.4 Physical Properties** | Property | Value | Conditions | |----------|-------|------------| | **Density** | 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³) | Room temperature | | **Modulus of Elasticity** | 29,000 ksi (200 GPa) | 20°C (68°F) | | **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion** | 11.2 × 10⁻⁶/°C | 20-100°C (68-212°F) | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 42 W/m·K | 20°C (68°F) | | **Specific Heat Capacity** | 460 J/kg·K | 20°C (68°F) | | **Electrical Resistivity** | 0.24 μΩ·m | 20°C (68°F) | #### **4.5 Hardness Characteristics (Annealed Condition)** - **Typical Brinell Hardness:** 130-170 HB - **Maximum Recommended:** 180 HB for formability - **After Final Heat Treatment:** Typically 180-220 HB ### **5. Heat Treatment Requirements** #### **5.1 As-Supplied Condition: Annealed** - **Annealing Temperature:** 1550-1650°F (845-900°C) - **Cooling:** Furnace cool or air cool - **Purpose:** Soft condition for forming and fabrication #### **5.2 Final Heat Treatment (After Fabrication)** 1. **Normalizing:** - Temperature: 1650-1750°F (900-955°C) - Soak: 1 hour per inch minimum - Cooling: Air cool 2. **Tempering:** - Temperature: 1200-1350°F (650-730°C) - Soak: 1-2 hours per inch - Cooling: Air cool or faster #### **5.3 Post-Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT)** - **Mandatory:** For all welded constructions - **Temperature:** 1200-1350°F (650-730°C) - **Time:** 1 hour per inch minimum - **Cooling:** Controlled rate to prevent cracking ### **6. Product Applications** #### **6.1 Primary Industries & Applications** | Industry | Specific Applications | Service Temperature | Why Grade 11 Class 1 is Selected | |----------|----------------------|---------------------|----------------------------------| | **Petrochemical** | - Hydroprocessing reactors
- Catalytic crackers
- Reformer vessels | 800-1050°F (425-565°C) | Hydrogen service resistance, creep strength | | **Power Generation** | - High-pressure boiler drums
- Steam headers and piping
- Heat exchanger shells | 800-1000°F (425-540°C) | Oxidation resistance, creep rupture strength | | **Oil Refining** | - Crude distillation columns
- Hydrotreater reactors
- Delayed cokers | 700-950°F (370-510°C) | Sulfide corrosion resistance, strength retention | | **Chemical Processing** | - High-temperature reactors
- Synthesis converters
- Thermal crackers | 600-900°F (315-480°C) | Chemical stability, thermal fatigue resistance | | **Syngas Production** | - Methanol converters
- Ammonia synthesis loops
- Shift converters | 750-950°F (400-510°C) | Hydrogen-nitrogen-ammonia service compatibility | #### **6.2 Special Application Advantages** - **Hydrogen Service:** Good resistance to hydrogen embrittlement and attack - **Sulfide Resistance:** Better than carbon steels in sulfur-containing environments - **Oxidation Resistance:** Chromium provides protection up to 1100°F - **Thermal Fatigue:** Good resistance to thermal cycling ### **7. Fabrication Characteristics** #### **7.1 Weldability** **Weldability Rating:** **Good** (with proper procedures) | Parameter | Requirements/Recommendations | |-----------|------------------------------| | **Carbon Equivalent (CE)** | 0.45-0.55% (IIW formula) | | **Preheat Temperature** | 300-400°F (150-205°C) minimum | | **Interpass Temperature** | 400-600°F (205-315°C) | | **Recommended Processes** | SMAW (E8018-B2), GTAW, SAW | | **Heat Input Control** | Moderate control required | | **PWHT Requirement** | **Mandatory** after welding | #### **7.2 Welding Consumables** - **AWS Classification:** AWS A5.5 E8018-B2 or equivalent - **Chromium-Molybdenum Matching:** Essential for service performance - **Hydrogen Control:** Low-hydrogen practices mandatory - **Procedure Qualification:** Extensive testing required #### **7.3 Forming & Machining (Annealed Condition)** | Operation | Characteristics | |-----------|----------------| | **Cold Forming** | **Excellent** in annealed condition | | **Hot Forming** | 1650-1800°F (900-980°C) with subsequent heat treatment | | **Machining** | 60-65% of free-cutting steel; better in annealed state | | **Cutting** | Plasma or mechanical methods preferred | ### **8. Comparative Analysis** #### **8.1 Within A387 Grade 11 Series** | Property | **Class 1 (Annealed)** | Class 2 (Normalized & Tempered) | |----------|------------------------|---------------------------------| | **As-Supplied Yield** | 30 ksi minimum | 45 ksi minimum | | **As-Supplied Tensile** | 55-80 ksi | 75-100 ksi | | **Elongation** | 30% minimum | 20% minimum | | **Primary Purpose** | **Fabrication condition** | **Ready-to-use condition** | | **Subsequent HT** | **Required** after fabrication | May not be required | #### **8.2 Versus Other Chromium-Molybdenum Grades** | Grade | Composition | Max Service Temp | Typical Applications | |-------|-------------|------------------|---------------------| | **A387 Gr 11** | 1.25Cr-0.5Mo | 1000°F (540°C) | **General high-temperature service** | | A387 Gr 12 | 1.0Cr-0.5Mo | 950°F (510°C) | Similar but lower Cr content | | A387 Gr 22 | 2.25Cr-1.0Mo | 1200°F (650°C) | Higher temperature capability | | A387 Gr 5 | 5.0Cr-0.5Mo | 1200°F (650°C) | Better oxidation/sulfidation resistance | ### **9. Technical Advantages** #### **9.1 Key Benefits** 1. **High-Temperature Strength:** Maintains properties up to 1000°F continuously 2. **Oxidation Resistance:** Chromium provides protection against scaling 3. **Hydrogen Service Compatibility:** Good resistance to hydrogen attack 4. **Fabrication Friendly:** Annealed condition ideal for forming 5. **Cost-Effective:** Most economical Cr-Mo steel for moderate temperatures #### **9.2 Special Metallurgical Properties** - **Creep Resistance:** Molybdenum enhances long-term high-temperature strength - **Temper Embrittlement Resistance:** Controlled chemistry minimizes susceptibility - **Microstructural Stability:** Maintains properties during long-term service - **Weld Joint Integrity:** Properly welded joints maintain base metal properties ### **10. Design Considerations** #### **10.1 Temperature-Pressure Limitations** - **Maximum Design Temperature:** 1000°F (540°C) for ASME Section I - **Hydrogen Partial Pressure:** Consult Nelson curves for limitations - **Cyclic Service:** Good thermal fatigue resistance but requires analysis - **Minimum Temperature:** -20°F (-29°C) without impact testing #### **10.2 Corrosion Considerations** - **Oxidation:** Good to 1100°F (595°C) - **Sulfidation:** Moderate resistance; limited in high-sulfur environments - **Hydrogen Attack:** Resistant within ASME Code limits - **Aqueous Corrosion:** Similar to carbon steel; requires protection ### **11. Quality Assurance & Testing** #### **11.1 Mandatory Testing** 1. **Chemical Analysis:** Heat and product analysis 2. **Tensile Testing:** One test per plate or 50 tons 3. **Hardness Testing:** Often specified for quality verification #### **11.2 Special Tests for Critical Applications** - **Charpy Impact Testing:** For low-temperature or cyclic service - **Ultrasonic Testing:** Per ASTM A578 for thick plates - **Step Cooling Tests:** For temper embrittlement evaluation - **High-Temperature Testing:** For design validation ### **12. Procurement & Specification** #### **12.1 Ordering Information** When ordering ASTM A387 Grade 11 Class 1: - Full designation: ASTM A387/A387M Grade 11 Class 1 - Specify plate dimensions and tolerances - Indicate any supplementary requirements - Define final heat treatment requirements if known - Specify testing and certification needs #### **12.2 Typical Availability** - **Lead Time:** 8-12 weeks for standard sizes - **Thickness Range:** 0.25 to 6 inches (6 to 150 mm) - **Width/Length:** Standard mill sizes available - **Quantities:** Suitable for project-specific orders ### **13. Case Studies** #### **13.1 Hydroprocessing Reactor** **Application:** Diesel hydrotreater in refinery **Conditions:** 2.5-inch wall, 1500 psi at 750°F, hydrogen partial pressure 800 psi **Grade 11 Class 1 Advantages:** - Met Nelson curve requirements for hydrogen service - Good resistance to sulfide stress corrosion cracking - Fabricated in annealed condition for complex head forming - Successful 20+ year service with proper maintenance #### **13.2 Power Plant Steam Drum** **Application:** High-pressure boiler in cogeneration plant **Requirements:** 3-inch thick shell, 1800 psi at 950°F **Results:** - Met ASME Section I requirements - Good oxidation resistance at operating temperature - Maintained properties through thermal cycles - Cost-effective compared to higher alloy steels ### **14. Industry Trends** #### **14.1 Current Applications** - **Clean Energy:** Components for biomass and waste-to-energy plants - **Refining Upgrades:** Revamps and capacity expansions - **Chemical Processing:** New process technologies - **Power Generation:** Life extension of existing plants #### **14.2 Technical Developments** - **Improved Steelmaking:** Cleaner steels with better properties - **Advanced Heat Treatment:** More precise control systems - **Welding Technology:** Automated processes for consistency - **Inspection Methods:** Advanced NDT for quality assurance ### **15. Conclusion** **ASTM A387 Grade 11 Class 1** represents a **balanced chromium-molybdenum alloy steel** specifically designed for **high-temperature pressure vessel applications requiring fabrication in a soft condition**. Its technical attributes provide: **Primary Advantages:** 1. **Optimized for Fabrication:** Annealed condition maximizes formability 2. **High-Temperature Performance:** Suitable for service up to 1000°F 3. **Hydrogen Service Compatibility:** Good resistance within code limits 4. **Economic Balance:** Cost-effective Cr-Mo steel for moderate temperatures 5. **Code Compliance:** Fully ASME and international code approved **Optimal Application Scenarios:** - Pressure vessels requiring extensive forming operations - High-temperature service up to 1000°F - Hydrogen-containing environments within Nelson curve limits - Applications where post-fabrication heat treatment is planned **Critical Success Factors:** - Proper heat treatment after fabrication - Strict welding procedure controls - Adequate PWHT for stress relief - Compliance with code requirements for service conditions **Class 1 vs. Class 2 Selection Guide:** - **Choose Class 1 when:** Extensive forming required, final heat treatment after fabrication - **Choose Class 2 when:** Minimal forming required, ready-to-use condition needed ASTM A387 Grade 11 Class 1 fills an **important niche** for fabricators needing to perform **significant forming operations** on chromium-molybdenum steel plates. By supplying the material in a **soft, annealed condition**, it enables complex fabrications that would be difficult or impossible with normalized and tempered material, while still achieving the required high-temperature properties through proper final heat treatment. For engineers and fabricators designing **high-temperature pressure equipment requiring complex geometries**, Grade 11 Class 1 offers a **practical solution** that balances fabricability with performance. Its proven track record in refining, petrochemical, and power generation applications demonstrates its value as a **reliable, cost-effective material** for demanding high-temperature service. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A387 Alloy Steel, Grade 11, Class 1 Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <5991 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A387 Alloy Steel, Grade 11, Class 1 Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Spherical ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Powder, Grade 11, Class 1 Particle Size Description -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Applications of Spherical ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Powder, Grade 11, Class 1 -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Applications of ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Spherical Powder, Grade 11, Class 1 -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Spherical Powder, Grade 11, Class 1 -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Spherical Powder, Grade 11, Class 1 -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Spherical Powder drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 2462 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition