Spherical ASTM A517 Low Alloy Steel Powder, Grade C

ASTM A517 Low Alloy Steel Spherical Powder, Grade C Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A517 Low Alloy Steel Spherical Powder, Grade C Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical ASTM A517 Low Alloy Steel Powder, Grade C characteristics -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical ASTM A517 Low Alloy Steel Powder, Grade C Particle Size -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- -:- 0-15μm ,5-25μm, 15-45μm, 15-53μm,20-63um, 45-75μm, 45-105μm, 45-150μm ,75-150μm. (Various granularities can be customized according to customer requirements) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Spherical ASTM A517 Low Alloy Steel Powder, Grade C Applicable processes -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Laser/electron beam additive manufacturing (SLM/EBM, 3D printing) Direct laser deposition (DLD) Used in thermal spray (TSA) Powder hot isostatic pressing (HIP) Metal injection molding (MIM) Powder metallurgy (PM) Laser cladding (LC), etc. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical ASTM A517 Low Alloy Steel Powder, Grade C Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A517 Low Alloy Steel, Grade C Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Product Introduction: ASTM A517 Grade C Quenched & Tempered High-Strength Alloy Steel Plate** **ASTM A517 Grade C** is a specialized **high-strength, quenched and tempered (Q&T) alloy steel plate** within the A517/A514 family, offering a minimum yield strength of **100 ksi (690 MPa)** with a specific chemical composition optimized for particular performance characteristics. Unlike Grades A and B which have relatively standardized chemistries, **Grade C represents a distinct, manufacturer-qualified alloy design** that provides alternative metallurgical approaches to achieving the 100 ksi yield strength requirement. This grade maintains the foundation of the "T-1" steel family while offering specific advantages for certain applications and manufacturing processes. --- ## **1. Key International Standards & Specifications** * **Primary Standard:** **ASTM A517/A517M** - Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, High-Strength, Quenched and Tempered * **Alternative Designation:** **ASTM A514 Grade C** - Essentially identical specification * **ASME Code Adoption:** **SA-517 Grade C** in ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section II, Part A * **Manufacturer Specificity:** Grade C has a defined, standardized chemistry distinct from Grades A and B * **Common Industry Name:** **"T-1 Type C"** * **International Equivalents:** * **EN 10025-6:** S690Q, S690QL (similar strength class) * **ISO 4950-3:** High yield strength flat steel products - Quenched and tempered steels * **JIS G3124:** SHT690 (Japanese high tensile strength steel) * **GB/T 16270:** Q690D/E (Chinese high strength structural steels) --- ## **2. Chemical Composition (Weight %)** **Grade C has a standardized, defined chemistry that distinguishes it from other grades:** | Element | Composition Range (%) | Metallurgical Function & Grade C Characteristics | |---------|----------------------|---------------------------------------------------| | Carbon (C) | 0.10-0.20 | Controlled for weldability and hardenability balance | | Manganese (Mn) | 0.70-1.00 | Provides solid solution strengthening and hardenability | | Phosphorus (P) | 0.035 max | Impurity control for toughness | | Sulfur (S) | 0.040 max | Impurity control, often with inclusion shape control | | Silicon (Si) | 0.15-0.35 | Deoxidizer, contributes to strength | | Chromium (Cr) | 0.80-1.10 | **Higher than Grades A/B** - enhances hardenability and tempering resistance | | Molybdenum (Mo) | 0.18-0.28 | Provides high-temperature strength, reduces temper embrittlement | | Vanadium (V) | 0.03-0.08 | Grain refinement, precipitation strengthening | | **Boron (B)** | **0.001-0.005** | **Critical:** Dramatically increases hardenability | | Nickel (Ni) | ≤0.40 (typical) | May be present as residual or intentional addition | | Copper (Cu) | ≤0.35 (typical) | May be present | ### **Carbon Equivalent Analysis:** - **IIW Formula:** CE = C + Mn/6 + (Cr+Mo+V)/5 + (Ni+Cu)/15 ≈ **0.50-0.65** - **Pcm Formula:** C + Si/30 + (Mn+Cu+Cr)/20 + Ni/60 + Mo/15 + V/10 + 5B ≈ **0.23-0.33** - **Weldability Classification:** Good with proper procedures (slightly higher CE than Grade A) ### **Key Composition Features (Grade C Distinctives):** 1. **Higher Chromium Content:** 0.80-1.10% vs. 0.40-0.80% for Grade B 2. **Boron-Enhanced:** Maintains boron for hardenability (key to A517 chemistry) 3. **Balanced Molybdenum:** 0.18-0.28% for tempering resistance 4. **Clean Steel Practice:** Modern production ensures low residuals 5. **Distinct from Grades A/B:** Unique, standardized chemistry, not manufacturer-proprietary ### **Grade C vs. Other Grades Composition Comparison:** | Element | Grade C | Grade A | Grade B | Grade C Advantage | |---------|---------|---------|---------|-------------------| | **Chromium** | 0.80-1.10% | 0.40-0.65% | 0.40-0.80% | Enhanced hardenability and tempering resistance | | **Molybdenum** | 0.18-0.28% | 0.15-0.25% | 0.15-0.25% | Improved high-temperature strength | | **Nickel** | Typically ≤0.40% | Not specified | 0.20-0.40% | Variable, not a defining element | | **Primary Feature** | High Cr for hardenability | Basic T-1 chemistry | Ni-enhanced toughness | Cr-focused approach | --- ## **3. Mechanical & Physical Properties** ### **Minimum Mechanical Properties (Up to 2.5 in / 63.5 mm thick):** - **Tensile Strength:** **760-895 MPa** (110,000-130,000 psi) - **Yield Strength (0.2% offset):** **690 MPa minimum** (100,000 psi minimum) - **Elongation in 2 in. (50 mm):** **16% minimum** - **Reduction of Area:** Typically 40-55% - **Hardness Range:** 235-293 HB (Brinell) ### **Impact Toughness Requirements:** - **Charpy V-Notch Testing:** Mandatory - **Standard Test Temperature:** **-18°C (0°F)** or as specified - **Minimum Absorbed Energy:** **34 J (25 ft-lb)** minimum average - **Individual Specimens:** Typically no single value < 27 J (20 ft-lb) ### **Thickness-Dependent Properties:** | Thickness Range | Minimum Yield Strength | Notes | |-----------------|------------------------|-------| | ≤ 1.5 in (38 mm) | 690 MPa (100 ksi) | Full properties | | 1.5-2.5 in (38-63.5 mm) | 690 MPa (100 ksi) | Maintains properties | | 2.5-4.0 in (63.5-102 mm) | 620 MPa (90 ksi) | Reduced properties | | > 4.0 in (>102 mm) | Consult manufacturer | Special processing required | ### **Physical Properties:** | Property | Value | Notes | |----------|-------|-------| | Density | 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³) | Similar to other steels | | Modulus of Elasticity | 200 GPa (29×10⁶ psi) | Room temperature | | Shear Modulus | 77 GPa (11.2×10⁶ psi) | Room temperature | | Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | - | | Coefficient of Thermal Expansion | 11.8×10⁻⁶/°C | 20-100°C | | Thermal Conductivity | 40-44 W/m·K | 100°C (lower due to higher alloying) | | Specific Heat | 460-480 J/kg·K | 100°C | | Electrical Resistivity | 0.27-0.32 μΩ·m | Room temperature | ### **Grade C Specific Property Characteristics:** 1. **Excellent Hardenability:** Higher chromium enhances through-thickness properties 2. **Good Temper Resistance:** Maintains strength better at elevated temperatures 3. **Consistent Properties:** Standardized chemistry ensures batch-to-batch consistency 4. **Weldability:** Slightly more challenging than Grade A due to higher CE --- ## **4. Heat Treatment & Microstructure** ### **Standard Heat Treatment:** 1. **Austenitizing:** 900-955°C (1650-1750°F) 2. **Quenching:** Accelerated cooling (water or polymer quench) 3. **Tempering:** 595-690°C (1100-1275°F) 4. **Cooling:** Air cool after tempering ### **Grade C Processing Characteristics:** - **Enhanced Hardenability:** Higher chromium allows effective hardening of thicker sections - **Tempering Stability:** Better resistance to overtempering - **Processing Window:** May have different optimal parameters than Grades A/B ### **Microstructural Characteristics:** - **Primary Phase:** Tempered martensite - **Carbide Distribution:** Chromium-rich carbides (M₂₃C₆, M₇C₃) in addition to other alloy carbides - **Grain Size:** ASTM 7 or finer - **Prior Austenite Grain:** Controlled through processing ### **Through-Thickness Properties:** - **Excellent Hardenability:** Chromium + boron combination provides deep hardening - **Property Uniformity:** Good in properly processed material - **Thick Section Capability:** Suitable for moderate to thick sections --- ## **5. Key Characteristics & Advantages** ### **Strength & Hardenability Advantages:** - **High Strength:** 100 ksi yield strength - **Excellent Hardenability:** Chromium-enhanced for consistent through-thickness properties - **Good Strength Retention:** Maintains properties better at moderate elevated temperatures - **Consistent Performance:** Standardized chemistry ensures reliability ### **Fabrication Characteristics:** - **Good Weldability:** Requires proper procedures but achievable - **Machinability:** Similar to other 100 ksi steels (~50% of 1212 steel) - **Formability:** Limited cold formability; hot forming recommended - **Predictable Behavior:** Well-established processing guidelines ### **Grade C Specific Advantages:** 1. **Standardized Chemistry:** Defined composition, not manufacturer-proprietary 2. **Chromium Benefit:** Enhanced hardenability and tempering resistance 3. **Processing Flexibility:** May suit certain manufacturing processes better 4. **Availability:** Available from multiple qualified producers ### **Economic & Application Advantages:** - **Cost Competitive:** Similar pricing to other 100 ksi grades - **Proven Performance:** Established track record in specific applications - **Code Acceptance:** Fully approved for pressure vessel and structural applications - **Technical Support:** Well-documented from producers ### **Considerations:** - **Weldability:** Slightly more challenging than Grade A due to higher carbon equivalent - **Notch Toughness:** Standard requirements, not enhanced like Grade B - **Application Specific:** May be preferred for certain applications over other grades --- ## **6. Product Applications** ### **General High-Strength Applications:** - **Construction Equipment:** - Crane components - Excavator structural members - Mining equipment components - **Material Handling:** - Heavy-duty forklift masts - Conveyor system structures - Material handling equipment frames ### **Industrial & Energy:** - **Heavy Machinery:** Press frames, roller components - **Energy Components:** Support structures, non-pressure components - **Industrial Equipment:** High-strength frames and supports ### **Transportation:** - **Specialized Vehicle Components:** Frames for heavy haul applications - **Railroad Equipment:** Couplers, structural members - **Trailer Components:** High-stress elements ### **When Grade C is Particularly Suitable:** 1. **Applications requiring excellent hardenability** in thick sections 2. **Situations where chromium's benefits** are advantageous 3. **When standardized, non-proprietary chemistry** is preferred 4. **Applications where Grade C has established service history** 5. **When specified by engineering standards or customer requirements** ### **Specific Industry Preferences:** - Some industries or companies may standardize on Grade C based on historical performance - Certain fabricators may prefer Grade C based on their welding procedures and experience - Applications where chromium's tempering resistance is beneficial --- ## **7. Fabrication Guidelines** ### **Welding Procedures:** #### **Preheat Requirements:** | Thickness Range | Minimum Preheat | Recommended Range | |-----------------|-----------------|-------------------| | ≤ ¾ in (19 mm) | 150°C (300°F) | 150-200°C (300-400°F) | | ¾ to 1½ in (19-38 mm) | 175°C (350°F) | 175-225°C (350-440°F) | | 1½ to 2½ in (38-63.5 mm) | 200°C (400°F) | 200-250°C (400-480°F) | | > 2½ in (>63.5 mm) | 225°C (440°F) | 225-275°C (440-530°F) | #### **Interpass Temperature Control:** - **Maximum Interpass:** 250°C (480°F) - **Optimal Range:** 150-230°C (300-450°F) #### **Filler Metal Selection:** - **SMAW:** E11018, E12018 (low hydrogen essential) - **FCAW:** E111T1-K3, E121T1-K3 - **SAW:** F12A8-EL12, F13A2-EM12K - **GMAW:** ER110S, ER120S #### **Post-Weld Heat Treatment:** - **Generally Not Required:** For most applications with proper procedures - **Optional Stress Relief:** 595-650°C (1100-1200°F) for highly restrained joints ### **Cutting & Machining:** - **Plasma Cutting:** Preferred method - **Oxy-Fuel Cutting:** Requires controlled procedures - **Machining:** Carbide tools recommended ### **Forming Operations:** - **Cold Forming:** Limited to simple bends with large radii - **Hot Forming:** Recommended at 870-925°C (1600-1700°F) --- ## **8. Design Considerations** ### **Structural Design:** - **Allowable Stresses:** Typically 0.60 × yield strength (414 MPa / 60 ksi) - **Fatigue Design:** Similar to other 100 ksi steels - **Connection Design:** Both welded and bolted connections suitable ### **Temperature Considerations:** - **Minimum Service Temperature:** Typically -18°C (0°F) based on standard testing - **Maximum Service Temperature:** ~400°C (750°F) for intermittent service - **For Extreme Conditions:** Consult manufacturer for specific capabilities ### **Grade C Selection Considerations:** 1. **Chemistry Preference:** When defined, non-proprietary chemistry is desired 2. **Hardenability Needs:** When excellent through-thickness properties are required 3. **Historical Preference:** When existing specifications or standards call for Grade C 4. **Manufacturer Recommendation:** When producers suggest Grade C for specific applications --- ## **9. Comparison with Other Grades** ### **Grade C vs. Grade A (A517/A514):** | Parameter | Grade C | Grade A | Differences | |-----------|---------|---------|-------------| | **Chromium Content** | 0.80-1.10% | 0.40-0.65% | Grade C significantly higher | | **Carbon Equivalent** | Slightly higher | Lower | Grade C slightly more challenging to weld | | **Hardenability** | Enhanced | Good | Grade C better for thick sections | | **Standardization** | Defined chemistry | Defined chemistry | Both standardized | | **Typical Applications** | Similar | Similar | Often interchangeable | ### **Grade C vs. Grade B:** | Aspect | Grade C | Grade B | Selection Considerations | |--------|---------|---------|--------------------------| | **Primary Enhancement** | Higher chromium | Nickel addition | Different metallurgical approaches | | **Toughness** | Standard | Enhanced | Grade B better for low temperature | | **Hardenability** | Excellent | Very good | Both good, Grade C chromium-enhanced | | **Chemistry** | Cr-focused | Ni-focused | Different strengthening philosophies | | **Cost** | Similar | Similar | Comparable pricing | ### **Grade C vs. Manufacturer-Specific Grades (T, E, F, etc.):** | Consideration | Grade C | Manufacturer Grades | Advantages | |---------------|---------|---------------------|------------| | **Chemistry** | Standardized | Proprietary | Grade C offers consistency across suppliers | | **Availability** | Multiple sources | Single manufacturer | Grade C better for multi-sourcing | | **Technical Data** | Generally available | Manufacturer-specific | Grade C data more widely available | | **Interchangeability** | Better | Limited | Grade C easier to substitute | --- ## **10. Quality Control & Certification** ### **Testing Requirements:** - **Chemical Analysis:** Ladle analysis required - **Tensile Tests:** Per heat treatment charge - **Impact Tests:** Per heat treatment charge at specified temperature - **Hardness Tests:** Often specified ### **Certification:** - **Mill Test Certificate:** Complete with test results - **Heat Treatment Records:** Full documentation - **Traceability:** Complete from melt to plate - **Third-Party Inspection:** As required ### **Special Considerations for Grade C:** 1. **Chromium Verification:** Must confirm 0.80-1.10% range 2. **Standard Testing:** Follows same requirements as other grades 3. **Documentation:** Standard MTC with Grade C specific chemistry --- **Technical Summary:** ASTM A517 Grade C represents a standardized, chromium-enhanced variant of the 100 ksi yield strength quenched and tempered alloy steel family. With its defined chemistry featuring 0.80-1.10% chromium, Grade C offers excellent hardenability and tempering resistance while maintaining the fundamental 100 ksi strength characteristic of "T-1" type steels. The grade provides designers and fabricators with a non-proprietary, consistently available option that may offer advantages in certain applications, particularly where enhanced hardenability is beneficial or where standardization across multiple suppliers is important. While similar in many respects to Grade A, Grade C's higher chromium content gives it distinct processing and performance characteristics that may make it preferable for specific applications or manufacturing processes. As with all high-strength quenched and tempered steels, proper fabrication procedures, particularly regarding welding and heat treatment, are essential to maintain the material's properties in finished components. Grade C offers a proven, reliable option within the 100 ksi steel family with established performance history in demanding structural and pressure vessel applications. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A517 Low Alloy Steel, Grade C Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <6026 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A517 Low Alloy Steel, Grade C Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Spherical ASTM A517 Low Alloy Steel Powder, Grade C Particle Size Description -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Applications of Spherical ASTM A517 Low Alloy Steel Powder, Grade C -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Applications of ASTM A517 Low Alloy Steel Spherical Powder, Grade C -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers ASTM A517 Low Alloy Steel Spherical Powder, Grade C -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of ASTM A517 Low Alloy Steel Spherical Powder, Grade C -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Spherical Powder drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 2497 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition