Spherical ASTM A570 Steel Powder, grade 33

ASTM A570 Steel Spherical Powder, grade 33 Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A570 Steel Spherical Powder, grade 33 Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical ASTM A570 Steel Powder, grade 33 characteristics -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical ASTM A570 Steel Powder, grade 33 Particle Size -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- -:- 0-15μm ,5-25μm, 15-45μm, 15-53μm,20-63um, 45-75μm, 45-105μm, 45-150μm ,75-150μm. (Various granularities can be customized according to customer requirements) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Spherical ASTM A570 Steel Powder, grade 33 Applicable processes -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Laser/electron beam additive manufacturing (SLM/EBM, 3D printing) Direct laser deposition (DLD) Used in thermal spray (TSA) Powder hot isostatic pressing (HIP) Metal injection molding (MIM) Powder metallurgy (PM) Laser cladding (LC), etc. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical ASTM A570 Steel Powder, grade 33 Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A570 Steel, grade 33 Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Technical Data Sheet: ASTM A570 Steel, Grade 33** ## **1. Product Overview** ASTM A570 Grade 33 is a hot-rolled carbon steel sheet and strip material designed for structural applications requiring moderate strength and excellent fabricability. As part of the seven-grade A570 specification, Grade 33 offers a minimum yield strength of **33 ksi (230 MPa)**, positioning it between Grade 30 and Grade 36 in the structural quality steel hierarchy. This economically produced steel combines reliable mechanical properties with superior formability and weldability, making it suitable for manufactured components, light structural members, and various industrial applications where a balance of performance and cost is essential. ## **2. International Standards & Specifications** - **Primary Standard:** ASTM A570/A570M - *Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, Carbon, Hot-Rolled, Structural Quality* - **Dimensional Standards:** - ASTM A568/A568M: *General Requirements for Steel, Sheet, Carbon, and High-Strength, Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled* - ASTM A749/A749M: *General Requirements for Steel, Strip, Carbon and High-Strength, Hot-Rolled* - **International Equivalents:** - **EN Standard:** EN 10025-2 Grade **S235JR** (closest mechanical equivalent) - **JIS Standard:** JIS G3131 **SPHC** (Hot-rolled mild steel sheets and strips) - **ISO Standard:** ISO 3573 Grade **CR1** (Commercial quality hot-rolled carbon steel) - **GB/T Standard:** GB/T 912 **Q235B** (Carbon structural steel hot-rolled sheets) - **Canadian Standard:** CSA G40.21 **230W** (similar strength category) - **Australian Standard:** AS 1594 **HA250** (hot-rolled steel sheet) - **German Standard:** DIN 17100 **St37-2** (similar structural quality) ## **3. Chemical Composition (Heat Analysis, % by Weight)** | Element | Maximum (%) | Typical Range (%) | Metallurgical Function | |---------|-------------|------------------|------------------------| | Carbon (C) | 0.25 | 0.10 - 0.22 | Primary strengthening element, controlled for weldability | | Manganese (Mn) | 0.90 | 0.35 - 0.65 | Solid solution strengthening and deoxidation | | Phosphorus (P) | 0.04 | 0.008 - 0.020 | Impurity control (embrittlement prevention) | | Sulfur (S) | 0.05 | 0.015 - 0.030 | Impurity control (machinability enhancement) | | Silicon (Si)* | 0.40 | 0.10 - 0.30 | Deoxidizer (when specified for killed or semi-killed steel) | | Copper (Cu)** | 0.20 min (when specified) | 0.20 - 0.35 | Atmospheric corrosion resistance (optional) | *Note:* - *Silicon content is specified when killed or semi-killed steel is required - **Copper is required only when specified for enhanced atmospheric corrosion resistance **Key Chemical Characteristics:** - **Carbon Equivalent (CE):** 0.18 - 0.28 (calculated per IIW formula: C + Mn/6) - **Deoxidation Practice:** Typically rimmed, capped, semi-killed, or killed as specified - **Quality Level:** Structural quality with guaranteed mechanical properties - **Sulphur Control:** Standard levels for good weldability and formability ## **4. Mechanical Properties** ### **Minimum Required Properties (Per ASTM A570)** | Property | Requirement | Test Standard | Notes | |----------|-------------|---------------|-------| | **Tensile Strength, min** | **50 ksi (345 MPa)** | ASTM A370 | Guaranteed minimum | | **Yield Strength (0.5% extension), min** | **33 ksi (230 MPa)** | ASTM A370 | At 0.5% extension under load | | **Elongation in 2 in. (50 mm), min** | **22%** (for thickness ≤ 0.229 in./5.8 mm) | ASTM A370 | Gauge length = 2 inches | | | **24%** (for thickness > 0.229 in./5.8 mm) | ASTM A370 | | ### **Typical Achieved Properties** | Property | Typical Range | Comments | |----------|---------------|----------| | **Tensile Strength** | 53 - 60 ksi (365 - 415 MPa) | Consistent across production | | **Yield Strength** | 35 - 40 ksi (240 - 275 MPa) | Typically exceeds minimum | | **Yield-to-Tensile Ratio** | 0.65 - 0.70 | Excellent for forming operations | | **Elongation (2")** | 26% - 32% | Superior ductility | | **Hardness** | 70 - 85 HRB | Rockwell B scale | | **Modulus of Elasticity** | 29,000 ksi (200 GPa) | Standard for carbon steels | ### **Impact Properties (When Specified)** - **Charpy V-Notch:** Not routinely tested for Grade 33 - **When Required:** Typically tested at room temperature (70°F/21°C) - **Minimum Energy:** 15 ft-lb (20 J) when specified - **Test Temperature:** Can be specified for lower temperatures if required ## **5. Physical Properties** | Property | Value | Unit | Notes | |----------|-------|------|-------| | **Density** | 0.283 | lb/in³ (7.85 g/cm³) | At room temperature | | **Modulus of Elasticity** | 29,000 | ksi (200 GPa) | In tension | | **Shear Modulus** | 11,200 | ksi (77 GPa) | - | | **Poisson's Ratio** | 0.29 | - | Standard for steel | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 51.9 | W/m·K | At 100°C | | **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion** | 6.5 × 10⁻⁶ | /°F (11.7 × 10⁻⁶/°C) | 68-212°F range | | **Specific Heat** | 0.46 | kJ/kg·K | At 20°C | | **Electrical Resistivity** | 0.17 | μΩ·m | At 20°C | | **Magnetic Properties** | Ferromagnetic | - | Strongly magnetic | ## **6. Material Forms & Availability** ### **Standard Product Forms** - **Sheet:** Thickness range: 0.059 - 0.229 inch (1.5 - 5.8 mm) - **Strip:** Narrow width coils for continuous processing - **Width Range:** Up to 60 inches (1524 mm) typically available - **Lengths:** Coils or cut lengths as specified - **Edges:** Mill edge, slit edge, or sheared edge options ### **Surface Conditions** - **As-Hot-Rolled:** With mill scale (most common) - **Pickled & Oiled:** Scale removed, oiled for protection - **Blast Cleaned:** Abrasive cleaned surface - **Temper Passed:** For improved flatness ## **7. Processing Characteristics** ### **Hot-Rolled Condition** - **As-Supplied:** Hot-rolled without subsequent cold reduction - **Grain Structure:** Equiaxed ferrite-pearlite microstructure - **Surface Scale:** Typical mill scale approximately 0.001-0.003 inch thick - **Flatness:** Commercial standards apply ### **Heat Treatment Considerations** - **As-Rolled:** No additional heat treatment required - **Stress Relieving:** Available when specified (typically 1100-1200°F) - **Normalizing:** Can be specified for improved properties - **Annealing:** Not typically required ## **8. Key Product Characteristics** 1. **Excellent Formability:** High elongation permits complex forming operations 2. **Superior Weldability:** Low carbon equivalent minimizes preheat requirements 3. **Good Machinability:** Free-machining with standard tooling 4. **Cost-Effective:** Economical alternative to higher strength grades 5. **Predictable Performance:** Consistent mechanical properties 6. **Wide Fabrication Window:** Tolerant of various manufacturing processes 7. **Availability:** Readily stocked by steel service centers ## **9. Primary Applications** ### **Construction & Building Products** - **Light Structural Framing:** Purlins, girts, studs, and joists - **Building Components:** Door frames, window frames, trim - **Roofing & Siding:** Substrates for architectural panels - **Support Systems:** Brackets, hangers, and mounting plates - **Temporary Structures:** Shoring, scaffolding components ### **Transportation Equipment** - **Commercial Vehicles:** Truck body panels, trailer components - **Automotive:** Non-critical structural parts, brackets - **Material Handling:** Conveyor components, cart frames - **Shipping:** Container parts, cargo securing devices - **Railroad:** Non-structural car components ### **Industrial Equipment & Machinery** - **Equipment Housings:** Guards, covers, and enclosures - **Machine Components:** Bases, frames, and supports - **Storage Systems:** Rack components, shelving - **Work Stations:** Benches, tables, and fixtures - **Ventilation Systems:** Ductwork and housing ### **Agricultural Equipment** - **Implement Components:** Brackets, supports, and frames - **Storage Equipment:** Bin components, hoppers - **Animal Housing:** Stall components, feeding systems - **Equipment Protection:** Guards and shields ### **Consumer & Commercial Products** - **Furniture:** Frame components, structural parts - **Appliances:** Internal supports, brackets - **Display Fixtures:** Store fixtures, display stands - **Recreational Equipment:** Playground components, sports equipment - **Hardware:** Brackets, supports, and fastening components ## **10. Fabrication Guidelines** ### **Welding Processes** | Process | Suitability | Recommendations | |---------|-------------|-----------------| | **SMAW (Stick)** | Excellent | E60XX or E70XX electrodes | | **GMAW (MIG)** | Excellent | ER70S-X wires, CO₂ or mixed gas | | **FCAW (Flux-Cored)** | Excellent | E70T-X wires | | **GTAW (TIG)** | Excellent | ER70S-2 filler metal | | **Resistance Welding** | Excellent | Spot, seam, projection welding | **Welding Parameters:** - **Preheat:** Generally not required for thicknesses < 0.75 inch - **Interpass Temperature:** Maximum 400°F (204°C) - **Heat Input:** Moderate levels recommended - **Post-Weld Treatment:** Usually not required ### **Cutting Operations** | Method | Thickness Range | Notes | |--------|----------------|-------| | **Shearing** | Up to 0.25 inch | Clean edges, minimal distortion | | **Plasma Cutting** | All thicknesses | Good quality, minimal HAZ | | **Laser Cutting** | Up to 0.50 inch | Excellent precision, smooth edges | | **Oxy-Fuel Cutting** | > 0.25 inch | Economical, produces scale on edges | | **Waterjet Cutting** | All thicknesses | No thermal distortion, precise | ### **Forming Operations** | Operation | Recommendations | Limitations | |-----------|----------------|-------------| | **Bending** | Min radius = 1× thickness | Across grain: tighter radii possible | | **Roll Forming** | Excellent for continuous sections | Standard tooling adequate | | **Stamping** | Good for moderate draws | Lubrication recommended | | **Deep Drawing** | Suitable for shallow draws | Intermediate annealing not usually needed | | **Spinning** | Good for axisymmetric parts | Standard practices apply | **Forming Guidelines:** - **Springback Allowance:** 1-2° for 90° bends - **Grain Direction Effects:** Consider in critical forming operations - **Tooling Clearances:** 5-10% of material thickness ### **Machining Operations** | Operation | Parameters | Tooling | |-----------|------------|---------| | **Turning** | 300-500 SFM, moderate feed | HSS or carbide tools | | **Milling** | 250-400 SFM, climb milling preferred | Carbide end mills | | **Drilling** | 60-100 SFM, peck drilling for deep holes | HSS drills, 118° point | | **Tapping** | 60-70% of drilling speed | Standard taps | | **Sawing** | 150-250 FPM band speed | 4-6 TPI bi-metal blades | **Machining Tips:** - Use water-soluble coolants for heat dissipation - Positive rake angles improve chip control - Rigid setups minimize vibration and chatter ## **11. Surface Treatment & Finishing** ### **Scale Removal Methods** | Method | Process | Surface Result | |--------|---------|----------------| | **Pickling** | Acid bath (HCl or H₂SO₄) | Clean, slightly etched surface | | **Abrasive Blasting** | Shot or grit blasting | Anchor pattern for coatings | | **Mechanical Cleaning** | Brushing, grinding | Variable texture | | **Chemical Descaling** | Inhibited acids | Uniform surface | ### **Coating Systems** | Coating Type | Application Method | Typical Uses | |--------------|-------------------|-------------| | **Paint Systems** | Spray, dip, roll coat | General protection, aesthetics | | **Powder Coating** | Electrostatic spray | Durable finishes, wide color range | | **Hot-Dip Galvanizing** | Immersion in molten zinc | Corrosion protection for outdoor use | | **Electroplating** | Zinc, nickel, chrome | Decorative or corrosion protection | | **Conversion Coatings** | Phosphate, chromate | Paint adhesion, temporary protection | ### **Corrosion Protection Strategies** - **Indoor Applications:** Paint or powder coating usually sufficient - **Moderate Outdoor:** Hot-dip galvanizing or heavy paint systems - **Aggressive Environments:** Multi-coat systems or specialized coatings - **Temporary Protection:** Oil, wax, or VCI papers ## **12. Quality Assurance & Testing** ### **Standard Testing Requirements** - **Chemical Analysis:** From each heat of steel - **Tensile Testing:** From each heat or as specified - **Bend Testing:** When required by specification - **Visual Inspection:** For surface defects and dimensions ### **Supplementary Requirements (When Specified)** | Designation | Requirement | Purpose | |-------------|-------------|---------| | **S1** | Bend test (180° flat bend) | Formability verification | | **S2** | Copper-bearing steel | Enhanced corrosion resistance | | **S3** | Special killed steel | Improved internal soundness | | **S4** | Chemistry only | No mechanical testing | | **S5** | Cold bending test | Specific bending requirements | ### **Certification & Documentation** - **Mill Test Reports:** Certified test results - **Heat Numbers:** Full traceability - **Material Certificates:** Compliance statements - **Third-Party Inspection:** Available when specified ## **13. Comparison with Similar Steels** | Characteristic | A570 Grade 33 | A36 Plate | A1011 HSLAS Grade 33 | |----------------|---------------|-----------|----------------------| | **Yield Strength** | 33 ksi (230 MPa) | 36 ksi (250 MPa) | 33 ksi (230 MPa) | | **Product Form** | Sheet & Strip | Plate, Shapes | Sheet & Strip | | **Cost Index** | 1.0 (Baseline) | 1.1 - 1.2 | 1.2 - 1.4 | | **Formability** | Excellent | Good | Very Good | | **Weldability** | Excellent | Excellent | Good | | **Surface Quality** | Standard HR | Standard HR | Improved | | **Typical Applications** | Light structures, fabrication | General structures | Automotive, formed parts | ## **14. Design Considerations** ### **Structural Design Guidelines** - **Allowable Stresses:** Based on yield strength of 33 ksi - **Buckling Considerations:** Important for thin sections - **Connection Design:** Welded or mechanical fasteners - **Deflection Limits:** Consider serviceability requirements ### **Forming Design Rules** - **Bend Allowances:** Account for material springback - **Corner Radii:** Minimum 1× material thickness - **Hole Spacing:** Minimum 2× diameter from edges - **Flange Heights:** Minimum 3× material thickness + bend radius ### **Welding Design Considerations** - **Joint Types:** Butt, lap, corner, and T-joints all suitable - **Weld Sizes:** Minimum based on material thickness - **Distortion Control:** Symmetrical welding sequences - **Inspection Access:** Design for visual or NDT inspection ## **15. Economic Considerations** ### **Cost Factors** | Factor | Impact | Notes | |--------|--------|-------| | **Material Cost** | Low | Most economical structural sheet | | **Fabrication Cost** | Low | Easy to work with standard equipment | | **Tooling Cost** | Low | Standard tooling adequate | | **Finishing Cost** | Variable | Depends on coating system | | **Life Cycle Cost** | Competitive | Good for properly protected applications | ### **Value Proposition** - **Material Efficiency:** Good strength-to-weight ratio for light structures - **Fabrication Flexibility:** Tolerant of various manufacturing processes - **Availability:** Widely stocked, short lead times - **Predictability:** Consistent performance reduces production risks ## **16. Industry Codes & Standards** ### **Design Standards** - **AISI S100:** North American Specification for Cold-Formed Steel Design - **AWS D1.3:** Structural Welding Code - Sheet Steel - **ASCE 7:** Minimum Design Loads for Buildings - **IBC:** International Building Code (applicable sections) - **AISC:** Steel Construction Manual (for structural applications) ### **Material Standards** - **ASTM A370:** Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing - **ASTM E8/E8M:** Tension Testing of Metallic Materials - **ASTM A751:** Chemical Analysis of Steel Products ## **17. Limitations & Special Considerations** ### **Application Limitations** 1. **Not Recommended For:** - Primary load-bearing structures in multi-story buildings - Pressure vessel or boiler applications - High-temperature service (>800°F/427°C) - Critical structural components without engineering analysis - Marine or highly corrosive environments without protection 2. **Environmental Limitations:** - Poor corrosion resistance in unprotected conditions - Not suitable for continuous immersion - Limited resistance to chemical exposure 3. **Performance Limitations:** - Lower strength than higher grade alternatives - Limited fatigue performance in cyclic loading - Not intended for dynamic or impact loading applications ### **Handling & Storage** - **Storage:** Keep dry, elevated from ground - **Handling:** Use clean gloves to prevent contamination - **Protection:** Coat cut edges in corrosive environments - **Shelf Life:** Indefinite with proper storage ## **18. Environmental & Sustainability** ### **Environmental Profile** - **Recyclability:** 100% recyclable without property loss - **Recycled Content:** Typically contains significant recycled material - **Energy Content:** Lower than alloy steels (less processing energy) - **Manufacturing Impact:** Standard steel production emissions ### **Sustainable Design Considerations** - **Life Cycle Assessment:** Favorable for properly coated applications - **Resource Efficiency:** Good strength-to-weight ratio - **End-of-Life:** Fully recyclable, no hazardous materials - **Green Building:** Can contribute to LEED and other green building credits ## **19. Project Specification Guidelines** ### **Essential Specification Elements** ```plaintext 1. ASTM Designation: A570/A570M 2. Grade: 33 3. Product Form: Sheet or Strip 4. Dimensions: Thickness, width, length 5. Condition: As-rolled, pickled & oiled, etc. 6. Edges: Mill edge, slit edge, sheared 7. Supplementary Requirements: S1, S2, S3 if needed 8. Certification: Mill test reports required ``` ### **Sample Specification Language** "Hot-rolled steel sheet shall conform to ASTM A570, Grade 33. Material shall have minimum yield strength of 33 ksi and minimum tensile strength of 50 ksi. Sheet to be supplied pickled and oiled, with slit edges. Mill test reports shall be provided showing chemical analysis and tensile test results." ## **20. Future Developments & Market Trends** ### **Technical Developments** - **Processing Improvements:** Enhanced surface quality through advanced rolling - **Quality Control:** Digital monitoring and AI-based defect detection - **Sustainability:** Increased use of recycled scrap in production - **Traceability:** Blockchain and digital certification systems ### **Market Trends** - **Demand Drivers:** Growth in prefabricated construction - **Competitive Landscape:** Pressure from alternative materials - **Regional Variations:** Different specifications in global markets - **Technology Integration:** Smart manufacturing and Industry 4.0 ## **21. Disclaimer & Important Notes** ### **User Responsibilities** 1. **Material Selection:** Verify suitability for intended application 2. **Design Verification:** Ensure design accounts for material properties 3. **Fabrication Procedures:** Follow recommended practices 4. **Quality Control:** Implement appropriate inspection protocols 5. **Code Compliance:** Adhere to all applicable regulations and standards ### **Manufacturer's Limitations** - **Property Guarantees:** Limited to test results per ASTM A570 - **Performance Claims:** Based on standard testing conditions - **Fitness for Purpose:** User must verify for specific applications - **Corrosion Resistance:** No warranty for unprotected exposure ### **Safety Considerations** - **Fabrication Safety:** Follow standard metalworking safety practices - **Welding Precautions:** Use proper ventilation and PPE - **Material Handling:** Use appropriate equipment and techniques - **Fire Safety:** Steel is non-combustible but conducts heat --- *ASTM A570 Grade 33 represents a versatile, cost-effective solution for light structural and general fabrication applications. Its combination of adequate strength, excellent formability, and good weldability makes it suitable for a wide range of manufactured products and light structural components where premium strength grades are unnecessary. Proper specification, fabrication, and protection ensure optimal performance in service.* -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A570 Steel, grade 33 Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <5935 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A570 Steel, grade 33 Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Spherical ASTM A570 Steel Powder, grade 33 Particle Size Description -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Applications of Spherical ASTM A570 Steel Powder, grade 33 -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Applications of ASTM A570 Steel Spherical Powder, grade 33 -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers ASTM A570 Steel Spherical Powder, grade 33 -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of ASTM A570 Steel Spherical Powder, grade 33 -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Spherical Powder drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 2406 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition