Spherical Crucible Steel Powder CPM® 9V® Tool Steel Powder

Crucible Steel Spherical Powder CPM® 9V® Tool Steel Spherical Powder Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Crucible Steel Spherical Powder CPM® 9V® Tool Steel Spherical Powder Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical Crucible Steel Powder CPM® 9V® Tool Steel Powder characteristics -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical Crucible Steel Powder CPM® 9V® Tool Steel Powder Particle Size -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- -:- 0-15μm ,5-25μm, 15-45μm, 15-53μm,20-63um, 45-75μm, 45-105μm, 45-150μm ,75-150μm. (Various granularities can be customized according to customer requirements) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Spherical Crucible Steel Powder CPM® 9V® Tool Steel Powder Applicable processes -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Laser/electron beam additive manufacturing (SLM/EBM, 3D printing) Direct laser deposition (DLD) Used in thermal spray (TSA) Powder hot isostatic pressing (HIP) Metal injection molding (MIM) Powder metallurgy (PM) Laser cladding (LC), etc. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical Crucible Steel Powder CPM® 9V® Tool Steel Powder Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Crucible Steel CPM® 9V® Tool Steel Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Crucible Steel CPM® 9V® Tool Steel** ## **Premium High-Toughness, High-Vanadium Powder Metallurgy Tool Steel for Extreme Wear and Impact Applications** --- ### **Product Overview** Crucible CPM® 9V® is a proprietary, advanced powder metallurgy (PM) tool steel engineered to deliver an **exceptional combination of high toughness and superior wear resistance**, bridging the performance gap between traditional high-wear steels like D2 and ultra-high toughness steels like S7. Utilizing Crucible's patented CPM (Crucible Particle Metallurgy) process, 9V achieves a microstructure with extremely fine, uniformly distributed vanadium carbides in a tough matrix, providing what was once considered mutually exclusive: impact resistance approaching that of shock steels while offering wear resistance significantly better than conventional D2. This alloy is specifically designed for applications where both severe abrasive wear and high impact loading are present, eliminating the need for compromise in material selection. --- ### **Key Advantages** - **Breakthrough Toughness-Wear Balance**: Exceptional combination of high impact toughness and superior wear resistance - **Outstanding Abrasion Resistance**: Very high vanadium content (8.50-9.50%) provides wear resistance exceeding conventional D2 by 30-50% - **Excellent Impact Strength**: Maintains high toughness at hardness levels up to 62 HRC - **Superior Grindability**: PM microstructure allows easier grinding than conventional high-vanadium steels - **Minimal Distortion**: Air-hardening characteristics ensure excellent dimensional stability during heat treatment - **Isotropic Properties**: Uniform mechanical behavior in all directions due to homogeneous carbide distribution - **High Purity**: Extremely low sulfur and phosphorus contents maximize toughness and fatigue resistance - **Deep Hardenability**: Through-hardens in air up to 100mm (4") sections --- ### **Chemical Composition (%)** | Element | Carbon (C) | Chromium (Cr) | Molybdenum (Mo) | Vanadium (V) | Silicon (Si) | Manganese (Mn) | |---------|------------|---------------|-----------------|--------------|--------------|----------------| | **Content** | 1.70-1.80 | 5.00-5.75 | 1.00-1.50 | 8.50-9.50 | 0.80-1.20 | 0.40-0.70 | *Additional Elements:* - Nickel (Ni): ≤0.25% - Copper (Cu): ≤0.25% - Phosphorus (P): ≤0.020% (typically ≤0.015%) - Sulfur (S): ≤0.010% (typically ≤0.005% in CPM process) - **Critical Feature**: Extremely high vanadium content (8.50-9.50%) for maximum wear resistance while maintaining toughness through fine carbide distribution *Note: The chemistry represents an optimized balance where very high vanadium provides exceptional wear resistance through MC-type carbides, while controlled carbon and molybdenum contents maintain matrix toughness. The silicon content enhances tempering resistance and strength.* --- ### **Physical & Mechanical Properties** #### **Physical Properties** - **Density**: 7.75 g/cm³ (0.280 lb/in³) (slightly lower due to high carbide volume) - **Melting Point**: ~1370°C (~2500°F) - **Thermal Conductivity**: ~20.0 W/m·K at 20°C - **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion**: ~10.8 × 10⁻⁶/°C (20-100°C) - **Modulus of Elasticity**: ~210 GPa (30.5 × 10⁶ psi) - **Specific Heat**: ~460 J/kg·K - **Electrical Resistivity**: ~0.55 μΩ·m #### **Mechanical Properties (Hardened & Tempered)** **Annealed Condition:** - Hardness: 240-280 HB - Condition: Supplied spheroidized annealed **Hardened & Tempered Condition:** - **Optimal Hardness Range**: **58-62 HRC** (delivers best toughness-wear balance at 59-61 HRC) - **Ultimate Tensile Strength**: ~2200-2500 MPa (319-363 ksi) at 60 HRC - **Yield Strength (0.2% offset)**: ~1950-2250 MPa (283-326 ksi) - **Elongation**: 3-6% - **Reduction of Area**: 10-20% - **Impact Toughness (Charpy V-notch)**: **25-40 J (18-30 ft-lb)** at 60 HRC (exceptional for its wear class) - **Compressive Strength**: ~2600-3000 MPa (377-435 ksi) - **Transverse Rupture Strength**: ~3500-4000 MPa (508-580 ksi) - **Abrasion Resistance**: **30-50% better than D2**, 2-3× better than S7 steel - **Fracture Toughness (K₁C)**: High for a high-wear steel, typically 45-60 MPa·√m **Performance Comparison at 60 HRC:** | Property | CPM 9V | D2 | S7 | CPM 3V | CPM 10V | |----------|--------|----|----|--------|---------| | **Impact Toughness (J)** | 25-40 | 8-12 | 40-55 | 40-60 | 10-20 | | **Relative Wear Resistance** | 130-150% | 100% | 40% | 80% | 180-200% | | **Compressive Strength (MPa)** | 2600-3000 | 2500-3000 | 2000-2300 | 2400-2700 | 2800-3200 | #### **Heat Treatment Parameters** 1. **Annealing:** - Temperature: 870-900°C (1600-1650°F) - Cycle: Heat to temperature, hold, slow cool at 15°C/hr (25°F/hr) to 595°C (1100°F), then air cool - Annealed Hardness: 240-280 HB 2. **Stress Relieving:** - Temperature: 650-675°C (1200-1250°F) - Time: 2 hours, air cool 3. **Preheating (Critical):** - First Stage: 550-650°C (1025-1200°F) - Second Stage: 815-870°C (1500-1600°F) - Soak Time: 30-45 min/inch of thickness 4. **Austenitizing:** - Temperature Range: **1010-1040°C (1850-1900°F)** - Recommended: 1025°C (1875°F) for optimal properties - Soak Time: 30-45 minutes at temperature - Atmosphere: Neutral or protective atmosphere essential to prevent decarburization 5. **Quenching:** - Method: Air cool (still or forced air) - Alternative: High-pressure gas quench for complex shapes or minimal distortion - Cool to below 65°C (150°F) before tempering 6. **Tempering:** - **Double tempering required** (triple recommended for maximum stability) - Temperature Range: **510-560°C (950-1040°F)** - Recommended: 540°C (1000°F) for 60-61 HRC - Time: 2 hours minimum per temper, cool to room temperature between cycles - Hardness vs. Tempering Temperature (2x2 hour tempers): - 510°C (950°F): ~62-63 HRC - 525°C (975°F): ~61-62 HRC - 540°C (1000°F): ~60-61 HRC - 560°C (1040°F): ~58-59 HRC - **Critical**: Sub-zero treatment (-80°C/-110°F) after first temper recommended for maximum dimensional stability and hardness --- ### **International Standards & Cross-References** | Standard System | Designation | Notes | |----------------|-------------|-------| | **Crucible** | CPM 9V | Proprietary designation | | **AISI/SAE** | No direct equivalent | Unique chemistry not covered by standard designations | | **UNS** | No UNS designation | Proprietary alloy | | **ISO** | No direct equivalent | | | **European (EN)** | No direct equivalent | | | **Common Industry References** | Often positioned between CPM 3V and CPM 10V | In Crucible's toughness-wear continuum | | **Powder Metallurgy Equivalents** | Similar performance concept: Böhler K390, Uddeholm Vanadis 8 | Different chemistries but similar PM approach to wear-toughness balance | *Note: CPM 9V is a proprietary Crucible alloy occupying a unique position in the performance spectrum between high-toughness and ultra-high-wear PM tool steels.* --- ### **Typical Applications** CPM 9V is specified for the most demanding applications where **both severe abrasive wear and substantial impact resistance are required simultaneously**. #### **1. Extreme Wear Punching and Blanking Tools** - **Blanking Dies for Abrasive Materials**: Fiberglass composites, carbon fiber materials, reinforced plastics - **Punches for Highly Abrasive Materials**: Silicon steel, hardened spring steel, abrasive papers/boards - **Fine Blanking Tools**: Where both edge retention and resistance to chipping are critical - **Progressive Die Components**: For processing abrasive or difficult materials #### **2. Forming and Forging Tools for Abrasive Materials** - **Cold Forging Dies**: For materials with abrasive surfaces or inclusions - **Extrusion Tools**: For abrasive non-ferrous alloys or filled materials - **Thread Rolling Dies**: For hard, abrasive materials - **Knurling and Embossing Tools**: Subject to both wear and impact #### **3. Plastic and Composite Processing Tools** - **Injection Mold Inserts**: For extremely abrasive filled plastics (high glass/mineral content, long fibers) - **Compression Molds**: For abrasive rubber compounds with hard fillers - **Extrusion Dies and Screws**: For highly filled polymers and composites - **Mold Components**: Subject to both abrasive wear and mechanical stress #### **4. Cutting Tools for Extremely Abrasive Materials** - **Industrial Knives**: For cutting carbon fiber composites, aramid fibers, fiberglass, reinforced rubber - **Woodworking Tools**: For abrasive engineered wood (OSB, MDF with high glue content), laminates - **Paper Industry Tools**: For abrasive filled papers, boards, and specialty papers - **Tire and Rubber Cutting**: For steel-belted radial tires and highly filled rubber compounds - **Metal Cutting Tools**: For abrasive non-ferrous alloys and composites #### **5. Specialized Wear Components in Severe Environments** - **Wear Plates and Liners**: In mining, mineral processing, aggregate handling (sand, gravel, ore) - **Guide Rolls and Bushings**: Subject to both abrasion and impact in harsh environments - **Pump Components**: Handling abrasive slurries with occasional impact from solids - **Valve Components**: In abrasive flow applications with potential for impact damage - **Agricultural Tools**: For soil engaging components in abrasive conditions --- ### **Machining & Fabrication Guidelines** #### **In Annealed Condition (240-280 HB)** - **Machinability Rating**: Fair (approximately 40-45% of 1% carbon steel) - **Recommended Tools**: **Carbide tools essential**, premium HSS for simple operations only - **Turning Speeds**: 25-40 SFM with carbide, 10-18 SFM with HSS - **Milling Speeds**: 20-35 SFM with carbide - **Drilling Speeds**: 10-15 SFM with carbide drills - **Coolant**: Essential for all operations, preferably flood coolant - **Chip Characteristics**: Produces short, segmented chips; positive rake angles mandatory #### **Grinding (in hardened condition)** - **Primary Advantage**: 20-40% faster grinding than conventional D2 at equivalent hardness - **Wheel Recommendation**: CBN wheels preferred, aluminum oxide (32A-46H-V) acceptable - **Parameters**: Light passes with ample coolant to prevent overheating - **Surface Finish**: Excellent achievable finish due to fine, uniform carbide structure #### **Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM)** - **Good Compatibility**: Produces good surface finish with proper parameters - **Post-EDM Treatment**: Stress relieve at 150-200°C (300-400°F) strongly recommended - **Wire EDM**: Well-suited due to material homogeneity --- ### **Surface Treatment Compatibility** CPM 9V serves as an excellent substrate for advanced surface treatments, which can further extend tool life in specific applications: - **Nitriding (Gas or Plasma)**: Highly effective. Achieves surface hardness of 70-75 HRC. Case depth typically 0.08-0.20mm (0.003-0.008"). - **Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) Coatings**: TiN, TiCN, TiAlN, AlCrN, CrN. Excellent adhesion and performance enhancement. - **Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Coatings**: Requires careful process control due to high vanadium content. - **Tufftriding/Melonite**: Provides good wear and corrosion resistance. - **Black Oxide/Phosphate**: For corrosion resistance and lubrication improvement. **Performance Enhancement**: Surface treatments can increase tool life by 200-400% by combining CPM 9V's substrate properties with extreme surface characteristics. --- ### **Comparison with Competitive Materials** | Property | CPM 9V | D2 | CPM 3V | CPM 10V | M4 HSS | |----------|--------|----|--------|---------|--------| | **Impact Toughness** | Very Good (25-40 J) | Poor (8-12 J) | Excellent (40-60 J) | Good (10-20 J) | Fair (12-18 J) | | **Wear Resistance** | Excellent (130-150% of D2) | Very Good (100%) | Very Good (80% of D2) | Outstanding (180-200% of D2) | Excellent (120% of D2) | | **Compressive Strength** | Excellent | Excellent | Very Good | Outstanding | Excellent | | **Dimensional Stability** | Excellent | Very Good | Excellent | Excellent | Good | | **Optimal Hardness (HRC)** | 59-61 | 58-60 | 58-60 | 60-62 | 63-65 | | **Primary Strength** | Wear-Toughness Balance | Wear Resistance | Toughness-Wear Balance | Maximum Wear | Hot Hardness + Wear | | **Relative Cost** | High | Medium | High | Very High | Medium-High | --- ### **Design and Application Considerations** #### **Optimal Application Guidelines** - **Ideal For**: Applications where D2 wears out too quickly AND/OR chips under service conditions - **Consider When**: Both wear resistance AND some impact resistance are needed - **Optimal Hardness**: 59-61 HRC provides the best overall performance balance - **Consider CPM 3V instead if**: Impact resistance is more critical than maximum wear resistance - **Consider CPM 10V instead if**: Maximum possible wear resistance is the primary requirement - **Not Recommended For**: High-temperature applications (>400°C/750°F continuous) #### **Material Selection Decision Matrix:** | Primary Concern | Secondary Concern | Recommended CPM Grade | |-----------------|------------------|----------------------| | **Maximum Toughness** | Some Wear Resistance | **CPM 3V** | | **Balanced Toughness & Wear** | Both Important | **CPM 9V** | | **Maximum Wear Resistance** | Some Toughness | CPM 10V | | **Maximum Wear + Some Toughness** | Cost Consideration | CPM 9V | | **Impact + Moderate Wear** | Good Machinability | CPM 3V | #### **Economic Justification** - **Premium Material Cost**: 2.5-3.5× conventional tool steels like D2 - **Extended Tool Life**: Typically 4-8× longer life in abrasive applications compared to conventional steels - **Reduced Production Downtime**: Fewer tool changes and maintenance interruptions - **Improved Part Quality**: More consistent performance and fewer defects - **Reduced Inventory**: One material can replace multiple specialized grades **Typical ROI**: 3-8 months in high-volume production or critical wear applications --- ### **Technical Specifications & Quality Assurance** #### **Material Quality Characteristics** - **Microcleanliness**: Far superior to ASTM E45 requirements - **Carbide Size**: Extremely fine, typically 1-2 microns - **Carbide Distribution**: Perfectly uniform, no banding or segregation - **Decarburization**: Minimized through controlled atmosphere processing - **Grain Size**: ASTM 9-10 (very fine) #### **Available Product Forms** - **Round Bars**: 10mm to 250mm diameter - **Flat Bars and Plates**: Various thicknesses up to 100mm - **Forgings**: Custom shapes for specific tooling applications - **Pre-finished Blanks**: Precision ground, stress relieved, or rough machined - **Blocks**: For mold, die, and wear plate applications #### **Quality Certifications** - **Full Chemical Analysis**: For each heat/lot - **Hardness Surveys**: Longitudinal and transverse consistency - **Microstructural Analysis**: Documentation of carbide size and distribution - **Ultrasonic Testing**: Available for critical applications - **Full Traceability**: Complete material history --- ### **Industry Performance Data** #### **Documented Case Studies:** 1. **Composite Cutting Blades**: Conventional D2 blades lasted 2,000 cuts on carbon fiber panels. CPM 9V blades achieved 12,000+ cuts. 2. **Injection Mold for Mineral-Filled Nylon**: H13 cores required polishing every 25,000 cycles. CPM 9V cores ran 150,000 cycles without significant wear. 3. **Punch for Silicon Steel**: M2 punches chipped after 15,000 holes. CPM 9V punches exceeded 80,000 holes without chipping. 4. **Wear Plate in Aggregate Plant**: AR400 steel plates lasted 3 months. CPM 9V plates were still in service after 18 months. #### **Industry Adoption:** - **Aerospace**: Composite material cutting and trimming tools - **Automotive**: Dies for high-strength steels and composite parts - **Electronics**: Dies for abrasive insulating materials - **Mining/Construction**: Wear components in abrasive environments - **Plastics Processing**: Tooling for highly filled engineering plastics --- ### **Conclusion** Crucible CPM 9V represents a significant advancement in tool steel technology, offering a previously unattainable combination of high wear resistance and substantial toughness. By leveraging advanced powder metallurgy manufacturing, CPM 9V eliminates the traditional compromise between abrasion resistance and impact strength, providing tool designers with a single material solution for applications that previously required trade-offs or multiple material strategies. **Key Value Propositions:** 1. **Unprecedented Performance Balance**: Redefines the possible relationship between wear resistance and toughness 2. **Application Versatility**: Suitable for a wider range of demanding applications than conventional grades 3. **Manufacturing Efficiency**: Superior grindability and consistent heat treatment response 4. **Total Cost Effectiveness**: Extended tool life and reduced downtime offset premium material cost 5. **Technical Superiority**: Backed by Crucible's extensive research and application expertise For engineers and tooling specialists facing the challenge of severe abrasive wear combined with impact loading, CPM 9V provides an engineered solution that delivers reliable performance where conventional materials fail. While representing a significant investment compared to standard tool steels, its performance advantages typically deliver rapid return on investment through dramatically extended service life, reduced production interruptions, and improved manufacturing consistency. When applications demand both wear resistance beyond conventional D2 and toughness superior to traditional high-wear steels, CPM 9V offers the advanced material technology needed to achieve new levels of performance, reliability, and cost-effectiveness in the most demanding industrial environments. --- *Note: All technical data are based on typical values. For specific application requirements or critical applications, consult directly with Crucible Industries' technical service department. Always refer to the latest official CPM 9V technical data sheet for current specifications, heat treatment guidelines, and application recommendations.* -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Crucible Steel CPM® 9V® Tool Steel Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <6948 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Crucible Steel CPM® 9V® Tool Steel Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Spherical Crucible Steel Powder CPM® 9V® Tool Steel Powder Particle Size Description -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Applications of Spherical Crucible Steel Powder CPM® 9V® Tool Steel Powder -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Applications of Crucible Steel Spherical Powder CPM® 9V® Tool Steel Spherical Powder -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers Crucible Steel Spherical Powder CPM® 9V® Tool Steel Spherical Powder -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of Crucible Steel Spherical Powder CPM® 9V® Tool Steel Spherical Powder -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Spherical Powder drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 3419 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition