Spherical ASTM A500 Steel Powder, grade C

ASTM A500 Steel Spherical Powder, grade C, round structural tubing Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A500 Steel Spherical Powder, grade C, round structural tubing Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical ASTM A500 Steel Powder, grade C characteristics -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical ASTM A500 Steel Powder, grade C Particle Size -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- -:- 0-15μm ,5-25μm, 15-45μm, 15-53μm,20-63um, 45-75μm, 45-105μm, 45-150μm ,75-150μm. (Various granularities can be customized according to customer requirements) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Spherical ASTM A500 Steel Powder, grade C Applicable processes -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Laser/electron beam additive manufacturing (SLM/EBM, 3D printing) Direct laser deposition (DLD) Used in thermal spray (TSA) Powder hot isostatic pressing (HIP) Metal injection molding (MIM) Powder metallurgy (PM) Laser cladding (LC), etc. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical ASTM A500 Steel Powder, grade C Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A500 Steel, grade C, round structural tubing Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Product Technical Datasheet: ASTM A500 Grade C - Round Structural Steel Tubing** ## **1. Product Overview** **ASTM A500 Grade C, Round** is a **high-strength, cold-formed welded and seamless carbon steel structural tubing** designed for **demanding structural applications** where maximum load capacity, superior strength-to-weight ratio, and optimized material efficiency are critical. As the highest-strength grade within the ASTM A500 specification, it provides exceptional mechanical properties for columns, trusses, frames, and other structural systems in construction, infrastructure, and industrial applications. ## **2. Governing International Standard** - **Primary Standard:** **ASTM A500/A500M** - Standard Specification for Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel Structural Tubing in Rounds and Shapes - **Related Standards:** - **AISC 360** - Specification for Structural Steel Buildings - **EN 10210-1** - Hot finished structural hollow sections (S355J2H approximate equivalent) - **EN 10219-1** - Cold formed welded structural hollow sections - **CSA G40.20/G40.21** - Canadian structural steel - **JIS G 3466** - Carbon steel square and rectangular tubes for general structure ## **3. Chemical Composition** The composition is optimized for high strength while maintaining adequate weldability and formability: | Element | Maximum (%) | Typical Range (%) | Metallurgical Purpose | |---------|-------------|-------------------|------------------------| | **Carbon (C)** | 0.23 | 0.18-0.21 | Strength contributor, controlled for weldability | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 1.35 | 0.90-1.25 | Primary solid solution strengthener | | **Phosphorus (P)** | 0.035 | 0.020-0.030 | Impurity control (toughness) | | **Sulfur (S)** | 0.035 | 0.015-0.025 | Impurity control (inclusion shape) | | **Copper (Cu)** | 0.20 min* | 0.18-0.25 | Atmospheric corrosion resistance (when specified) | | **Silicon (Si)** | - | 0.15-0.30 | Deoxidizer, strength contributor | *Note: Copper requirement is optional unless specified for enhanced atmospheric corrosion resistance. **Key Chemical Features:** - **Carbon Equivalent (CE):** Typically ≤ 0.45 (IIW formula: C + Mn/6) - **Strength Optimization:** Higher Mn/C ratio than lower grades - **Weldability:** Controlled chemistry allows welding with proper procedures - **No Mandatory Microalloys:** Plain carbon steel composition ## **4. Physical & Mechanical Properties** ### **Minimum Mechanical Properties (ASTM A500):** - **Tensile Strength:** 62 ksi min (427 MPa min) - **Yield Strength (0.2% Offset):** 50 ksi min (345 MPa min) - **Elongation in 2" (50 mm):** 21% min - **Yield-to-Tensile Ratio:** Typically 0.78-0.82 ### **Typical Achieved Properties:** - **Tensile Strength:** 65-75 ksi (448-517 MPa) - **Yield Strength:** 52-58 ksi (359-400 MPa) - **Elongation:** 22-28% - **Hardness:** 80-95 HRB (Rockwell B) - **Modulus of Elasticity:** 29,000 ksi (200 GPa) - **Shear Modulus:** 11,200 ksi (77 GPa) - **Poisson's Ratio:** 0.29 ### **Geometric Properties (Round Tubing):** - **Outside Diameters:** 0.375" to 20" (9.5 mm to 508 mm) - **Wall Thicknesses:** 0.028" to 0.625" (0.7 mm to 15.9 mm) - **Standard Designation:** HSS (Hollow Structural Section) Round - **Key Section Properties:** - **Cross-Sectional Area:** A = π(D² - d²)/4 - **Moment of Inertia:** I = π(D⁴ - d⁴)/64 - **Section Modulus:** S = π(D⁴ - d⁴)/(32D) - **Radius of Gyration:** r = √(D² + d²)/4 - **Torsional Constant:** J = π(D⁴ - d⁴)/32 ### **Physical Constants:** - **Density:** 0.284 lb/in³ (7.85 g/cm³) - **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion:** 6.5×10⁻⁶/°F (11.7×10⁻⁶/°C) - **Thermal Conductivity:** 50-52 W/m·K - **Specific Heat Capacity:** 0.11 BTU/lb·°F (460 J/kg·K) ## **5. Manufacturing Processes** ### **Welded Tubing Production (Most Common):** 1. **Strip Preparation:** Cold-rolled steel coil to precise thickness 2. **Forming:** Progressive roll forming into circular cross-section 3. **Welding:** High-frequency electric resistance welding (HF-ERW) or submerged arc welding (SAW) 4. **Weld Treatment:** Heat treatment of weld zone 5. **Sizing:** Cold reduction to final dimensions and tolerances 6. **Cutting:** To specified lengths 7. **Testing & Inspection:** Comprehensive quality verification ### **Seamless Tubing Production:** 1. **Billet Preparation:** Continuously cast steel rounds 2. **Piercing:** Rotary piercing at elevated temperature 3. **Elongation:** Mandrel mill or plug mill processing 4. **Sizing:** To final dimensions 5. **Heat Treatment:** As required for mechanical properties 6. **Finishing:** Straightening, cutting, testing ### **Quality Control Features:** - **Weld Integrity:** Non-destructive testing (ultrasonic, eddy current) - **Dimensional Accuracy:** Laser measurement systems - **Surface Quality:** Automated visual inspection - **Traceability:** Complete heat-to-product tracking ## **6. Key Characteristics & Performance Advantages** ### **Structural Superiority:** 1. **Maximum Strength:** 50 ksi minimum yield strength (28% higher than Grade B) 2. **Optimal Strength-to-Weight Ratio:** Enables lighter, more efficient structures 3. **Uniform Strength Distribution:** Isotropic properties in all radial directions 4. **Superior Torsional Resistance:** Highest among structural shapes 5. **Excellent Compressive Strength:** Efficient column and strut material ### **Design & Fabrication Benefits:** 1. **Material Efficiency:** Reduced member sizes for equivalent load capacity 2. **Space Optimization:** Smaller cross-sections maximize usable space 3. **Connection Advantages:** Concentrated load transfer at nodes 4. **Aesthetic Quality:** Clean, continuous appearance for architectural exposure 5. **Predictable Performance:** Consistent material response ### **Performance Characteristics:** 1. **Fatigue Resistance:** Good performance under cyclic loading 2. **Ductility:** Adequate for most structural applications (21% min elongation) 3. **Weldability:** Good with proper procedures despite higher strength 4. **Formability:** Suitable for moderate bending and forming operations ## **7. Design Considerations** ### **AISC Design Values (LRFD):** - **Flexural Strength:** φMn = 0.90FyZ (φ = 0.90) - **Compressive Strength:** φPn = 0.85FcrAg (φ = 0.85) - **Shear Strength:** φVn = 0.90(0.6Fy)Aw (φ = 0.90) - **Tensile Strength:** φPn = 0.90FyAg (φ = 0.90) ### **Local Buckling Considerations:** - **Wall Slenderness:** D/t ≤ 0.11E/Fy for compact sections - **Width-Thickness Ratios:** Governed by AISC Specification Chapter B - **Compactness Criteria:** For developing full plastic moment capacity ### **Connection Design:** - **Welded Connections:** Full penetration preferred for maximum strength transfer - **Bolted Connections:** Consider shear lag and block shear failure modes - **Direct Bearing:** Effective for concentrated loads - **Moment Connections:** Require careful detailing and reinforcement ## **8. Typical Applications** ### **High-Rise & Commercial Construction:** - **Long-Span Trusses:** Chord and web members in roof and floor systems - **Heavy-Duty Columns:** Supporting significant gravity and lateral loads - **Transfer Structures:** Girder and truss systems for column transfers - **Braced Frames:** Diagonal bracing in seismic and wind systems - **Exposed Structural Elements:** Architectural features requiring strength and aesthetics ### **Industrial Structures:** - **Heavy Crane Runways:** Support structures for overhead cranes (Class D+) - **Industrial Mezzanines:** Multi-level platforms with heavy equipment loads - **Process Support Structures:** Equipment supports in manufacturing facilities - **Material Handling Systems:** Conveyor supports and heavy-duty racking systems ### **Infrastructure Projects:** - **Long-Span Bridges:** Arch ribs, truss members, and bracing - **Transmission Towers:** Legs and bracing in electrical transmission structures - **Heavy Sign Structures:** Large highway, commercial, and digital signs - **Offshore Structures:** Secondary structural members in marine environments ### **Specialized Applications:** - **Seismic-Resistant Structures:** Special moment frames and concentrically braced frames - **Sports Facilities:** Long-span roof structures for stadiums and arenas - **Convention Centers:** Large column-free spaces requiring efficient structures - **Aviation Facilities:** Aircraft hangars and terminal support structures ## **9. Fabrication & Welding Guidelines** ### **Cutting & Preparation:** - **Cold Saw Cutting:** For precision square cuts with minimal heat affect - **Plasma Cutting:** For complex shapes and bevel preparation - **Laser Cutting:** High-precision cutting for mass production - **End Preparation:** Machined ends for critical connections ### **Forming Operations:** - **Cold Bending:** Minimum bend radius typically 3× OD for structural bending - **Mandrel Bending:** For tight radii and ovality control - **Flaring & Swaging:** For mechanical connections and transitions - **Notching & Coping:** For intersecting member connections ### **Welding Procedures:** - **Preheat Requirements:** 150-250°F (65-120°C) for thicknesses > 0.75" - **Filler Metals:** E70XX electrodes (SMAW), ER70S-6 wire (GMAW) - **Heat Input Control:** 20-40 kJ/in to maintain HAZ properties - **Interpass Temperature:** ≤ 400°F (204°C) - **Post-Weld Treatment:** Stress relief may be required for thick sections or restrained joints ## **10. Connection Details** ### **Common Connection Types:** 1. **Direct Welding:** Butt welds, fillet welds, partial penetration welds 2. **Gusset Plate Connections:** Bolted or welded gusset plates 3. **Through-Bolt Connections:** With internal stiffeners or washers 4. **Base Plate Connections:** For column-to-foundation connections 5. **Moment Connections:** With reinforcing rings or internal diaphragms ### **Design Considerations:** - **Shear Lag:** Account for in tension members with eccentric connections - **Block Shear:** Critical for bolted connections with multiple bolts - **Local Strengthening:** Internal stiffeners for concentrated loads - **Fatigue Details:** Careful detailing for cyclic loading applications ## **11. Corrosion Protection** ### **Coating Systems:** - **Hot-Dip Galvanizing:** ASTM A123 compliance, provides excellent durability - **Paint Systems:** Multi-coat systems per SSPC or NACE specifications - **Powder Coating:** For architectural applications and clean environments - **Duplex Systems:** Galvanizing plus paint for maximum protection ### **Surface Preparation:** - **Abrasive Blasting:** SSPC-SP10/NACE No. 2 (Near-White Metal) - **Chemical Treatment:** Phosphating or chromating for paint adhesion - **Surface Profile:** 1.5-3.0 mils (38-76 μm) for optimal coating performance ## **12. Quality Control & Testing** ### **Mandatory Testing (ASTM A500):** - **Chemical Analysis:** For each heat of steel - **Tensile Testing:** At least one test per heat for welded, more frequent for seamless - **Flattening Test:** For welded tubing (mandrel test as alternative) - **Reverse Bend Test:** For electric-resistance welded tubing - **Hydrostatic or Electric Test:** For verification of soundness ### **Optional/Supplemental Testing:** - **Charpy V-Notch Impact Testing:** For low-temperature applications - **Hardness Testing:** Verification of mechanical properties - **Dimensional Inspection:** OD, wall thickness, ovality, straightness - **Ultrasonic Testing:** For critical applications or thickness verification ## **13. Comparison with Other A500 Grades** | Property | Grade A | Grade B | **Grade C** | |----------|---------|---------|-------------| | **Yield Strength** | 39 ksi | 46 ksi | **50 ksi** | | **Tensile Strength** | 45 ksi | 58 ksi | **62 ksi** | | **Elongation** | 25% | 23% | **21%** | | **Typical Applications** | General structural | Intermediate strength | **Maximum strength** | | **Carbon Max** | 0.26% | 0.26% | **0.23%** | | **Relative Cost** | Lowest | Moderate | **Highest** | ## **14. Economic Considerations** ### **Cost-Benefit Analysis:** - **Material Premium:** 10-20% over Grade B, 25-35% over Grade A - **Design Savings:** Reduced member sizes and connection costs - **Foundation Savings:** Lower gravity loads reduce foundation requirements - **Transportation Savings:** Lighter shipments - **Erection Efficiency:** Smaller, lighter components for faster installation ### **Value Engineering Opportunities:** 1. **Member Optimization:** Smaller sections for equivalent strength 2. **Connection Simplification:** Reduced connection complexity and material 3. **Space Recovery:** More usable floor/clearance area 4. **Aesthetic Enhancement:** Sleeker structural appearance 5. **Total Project Savings:** Often offsets material premium in overall project costs ## **15. Limitations & Special Considerations** ### **Technical Limitations:** - **Weldability:** Higher carbon equivalent requires careful procedure control - **Formability:** Reduced compared to lower strength grades (min bend radius considerations) - **Notch Sensitivity:** Potential at cut edges and openings - **Minimum Thickness:** Practical manufacturing limits for given diameters ### **Design Limitations:** - **Local Buckling:** More critical with higher strength materials - **Connection Design:** Requires careful detailing for full strength utilization - **Fatigue Applications:** May require special detailing or lower stress ranges - **Impact Requirements:** May need supplemental testing for low-temperature service ## **16. Sustainability & Environmental Aspects** ### **Environmental Benefits:** - **Material Efficiency:** Higher strength reduces material consumption - **Recyclability:** 100% recyclable with existing steel recycling infrastructure - **Energy Efficiency:** Lower embodied energy per unit of strength - **Long Service Life:** Durable with proper corrosion protection - **Reduced Transportation Impact:** Lighter weight reduces fuel consumption ### **Life Cycle Assessment Factors:** - **Resource Conservation:** Less raw material extraction required - **Manufacturing Efficiency:** Modern production with environmental controls - **Construction Waste Reduction:** Less scrap generation - **End-of-Life Recovery:** High scrap value and recyclability ## **17. Global Standards & Equivalents** ### **International Correlations:** - **Europe:** EN 10210-1 S355J2H (similar strength and application) - **Canada:** CSA G40.21 50W (direct equivalent) - **Australia:** AS 1163 C450L0 (similar properties) - **Japan:** JIS G 3466 STK500 (comparable specification) - **China:** GB/T 6728 Q345 (similar structural application) ### **Market Acceptance:** - **Code Recognition:** Included in all major international building codes - **Industry Experience:** Extensive track record in demanding applications - **Manufacturer Support:** Available from leading global producers - **Technical Resources:** Comprehensive design guides and software support ## **18. Technical Recommendations** ### **When to Specify Grade C:** 1. **High-Load Applications:** Where member size reduction is structurally beneficial 2. **Long-Span Structures:** Where deflection control and efficiency are critical 3. **Weight-Sensitive Designs:** Where dead load reduction provides significant value 4. **Aesthetic Applications:** Where smaller, sleeker sections are architecturally desirable 5. **Cost Optimization Projects:** Where total project cost analysis justifies material premium 6. **Seismic Applications:** Where higher strength can be utilized effectively ### **Design Best Practices:** 1. **Utilize Full Strength:** Design connections to develop member capacity 2. **Consider Stability:** Address local and global buckling phenomena early in design 3. **Optimize Connections:** Design for constructability, efficiency, and cost 4. **Verify Fabrication Capability:** Ensure local fabricators can work with Grade C 5. **Consider Corrosion Protection:** Select appropriate systems for environment ## **19. Summary** **ASTM A500 Grade C Round Structural Tubing** represents the **premium high-strength option** for structural applications requiring **maximum load capacity and material efficiency**. With its **50 ksi minimum yield strength** and **62 ksi tensile strength**, it provides the **highest strength-to-weight ratio** among standard structural tubing grades, enabling innovative designs and cost-effective solutions for demanding structural challenges. The round cross-section offers **unique advantages in torsional resistance, uniform strength distribution, buckling resistance, and aesthetic appeal**, making Grade C tubing particularly suitable for **exposed structural elements, long-span systems, and applications where member size optimization is critical**. While requiring more careful attention to welding procedures and connection detailing than lower strength grades, its **performance benefits often justify the additional engineering effort through material savings, space optimization, and overall structural efficiency**. For engineers, architects, and designers seeking to **push the boundaries of structural efficiency**, minimize material usage while maximizing performance, or create **elegant structural solutions** that combine strength with aesthetics, **ASTM A500 Grade C Round Tubing provides a technically advanced material solution** that delivers measurable value through enhanced structural performance, reduced construction costs, and superior long-term durability in the most demanding applications. Its established track record, code recognition, and widespread availability make it a reliable choice for critical structural projects worldwide. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A500 Steel, grade C, round structural tubing Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <5902 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A500 Steel, grade C, round structural tubing Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Spherical ASTM A500 Steel Powder, grade C Particle Size Description -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Applications of Spherical ASTM A500 Steel Powder, grade C -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Applications of ASTM A500 Steel Spherical Powder, grade C, round structural tubing -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers ASTM A500 Steel Spherical Powder, grade C, round structural tubing -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of ASTM A500 Steel Spherical Powder, grade C, round structural tubing -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Spherical Powder drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 2373 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition