Spherical ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Powder, Grade 12, Class 1

ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Spherical Powder, Grade 12, Class 1 Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Spherical Powder, Grade 12, Class 1 Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Powder, Grade 12, Class 1 characteristics -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Powder, Grade 12, Class 1 Particle Size -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- -:- 0-15μm ,5-25μm, 15-45μm, 15-53μm,20-63um, 45-75μm, 45-105μm, 45-150μm ,75-150μm. (Various granularities can be customized according to customer requirements) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Spherical ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Powder, Grade 12, Class 1 Applicable processes -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Laser/electron beam additive manufacturing (SLM/EBM, 3D printing) Direct laser deposition (DLD) Used in thermal spray (TSA) Powder hot isostatic pressing (HIP) Metal injection molding (MIM) Powder metallurgy (PM) Laser cladding (LC), etc. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Powder, Grade 12, Class 1 Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A387 Alloy Steel, Grade 12, Class 1 Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ## **ASTM A387 Grade 12 Class 1 - 1% Chromium-0.50% Molybdenum Alloy Steel Plate for Elevated Temperature Service** ### **1. Product Overview** **ASTM A387 Grade 12 Class 1** is a **1% chromium-0.50% molybdenum alloy steel plate** supplied in the **annealed condition** for pressure vessel applications requiring enhanced elevated temperature properties. As the lower-chromium variant in the ASTM A387 series, Grade 12 provides improved high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance compared to carbon-molybdenum steels while maintaining good weldability and fabricability. The Class 1 designation indicates the material is delivered in a soft, annealed state, optimized for subsequent forming operations and requiring final heat treatment after fabrication to achieve design mechanical properties. This grade is specifically engineered for applications where operating temperatures exceed the capabilities of carbon steels (typically above 800°F/425°C) but do not require the higher chromium content of Grade 11 (1.25% Cr). It represents a cost-effective intermediate material choice for moderate high-temperature service in power generation, petroleum refining, and chemical processing industries. ### **2. Key International Standards & Specifications** | Standard System | Equivalent Designation | Notes | |-----------------|------------------------|-------| | **ASTM/ASME** | **ASTM A387/A387M Grade 12 Class 1** / **SA-387 Grade 12 Class 1** | Primary specification, ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code approved | | **European (EN)** | **EN 10028-2: 13CrMo4-5** (similar) | Closest European equivalent | | **Japanese (JIS)** | **JIS G4109 SCMV 2** | Japanese Cr-Mo steel equivalent | | **German (DIN)** | **1.7335** (13CrMo4-5) | Similar grade designation | | **ISO** | **ISO 9328-2** | Steel plates for pressure purposes | | **Chinese** | **GB 713 15CrMoR** | Similar chromium-molybdenum steel | | **Unified Numbering System** | **UNS K11562** | Standard material designation | **Classification Society Approvals:** Available with supplementary requirements from ABS, DNV, LR, BV, and other major societies for specific applications. ### **3. Chemical Composition (% by Weight)** | Element | ASTM A387 Grade 12 Class 1 Requirements | Metallurgical Purpose | |---------|------------------------------------------|------------------------| | **Carbon (C)** | **0.05-0.15%** | Controlled for weldability while providing adequate strength | | **Manganese (Mn)** | **0.40-0.65%** | Enhances hardenability and strength through solid solution | | **Phosphorus (P)** | **0.025% maximum** | Stringent control to prevent temper embrittlement | | **Sulfur (S)** | **0.025% maximum** | Controlled for improved hot workability | | **Silicon (Si)** | **0.50% maximum** | Deoxidizer; contributes to oxidation resistance | | **Chromium (Cr)** | **0.80-1.15%** | **Primary alloying element** - provides oxidation resistance and solid solution strengthening | | **Molybdenum (Mo)** | **0.45-0.65%** | **Key alloying element** - enhances creep strength and tempering resistance | | **Nickel (Ni)** | **0.40% maximum** (residual) | Kept low to control hardenability | | **Copper (Cu)** | **0.20% maximum** (residual) | Residual element control | | **Vanadium (V)** | **0.03% maximum** (residual) | Minimized to prevent excessive precipitation hardening | **Key Metallurgical Features:** - **Carbon Equivalent (CE):** Typically 0.35-0.45% (IIW formula) - **Chromium-Molybdenum Balance:** Optimized for moderate high-temperature service - **Class 1 Condition:** Fully annealed for maximum formability - **Hardenability:** Moderate due to lower chromium content compared to Grade 11 ### **4. Mechanical & Physical Properties** #### **4.1 Tensile Properties (Annealed Condition - As Supplied)** | Property | Minimum Requirement | Typical Range | Test Standard | |----------|---------------------|---------------|---------------| | **Yield Strength (0.2% offset)** | **32 ksi (220 MPa)** | 33-40 ksi (230-275 MPa) | ASTM A370 | | **Tensile Strength** | **60-85 ksi (415-585 MPa)** | 65-75 ksi (450-515 MPa) | ASTM A370 | | **Elongation (in 2" / 50mm gauge)** | **30%** minimum | 32-38% | ASTM A370 | | **Reduction of Area** | Not specified | Typically 60-70% | ASTM A370 | **Note:** These are properties in the annealed, as-supplied condition. Final properties are achieved after fabrication and heat treatment. #### **4.2 Properties After Final Heat Treatment (Typical)** | Property | After Normalizing & Tempering | |----------|-------------------------------| | **Yield Strength** | 45-55 ksi (310-380 MPa) | | **Tensile Strength** | 70-85 ksi (485-585 MPa) | | **Elongation** | 22-28% | | **Hardness** | 170-210 HB | #### **4.3 Elevated Temperature Properties** | Temperature | Yield Strength Retention | Tensile Strength Retention | Maximum Recommended Service | |-------------|--------------------------|----------------------------|-----------------------------| | **800°F (425°C)** | ~85% of RT value | ~90% of RT value | Good for continuous service | | **900°F (480°C)** | ~75% of RT value | ~80% of RT value | Maximum for extended service | | **1000°F (540°C)** | ~60% of RT value | ~65% of RT value | Limited duration only | #### **4.4 Physical Properties** | Property | Value | Conditions | |----------|-------|------------| | **Density** | 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³) | Room temperature | | **Modulus of Elasticity** | 29,000 ksi (200 GPa) | 20°C (68°F) | | **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion** | 11.3 × 10⁻⁶/°C | 20-100°C | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 43 W/m·K | 20°C (68°F) | | **Specific Heat Capacity** | 465 J/kg·K | 20°C (68°F) | | **Electrical Resistivity** | 0.23 μΩ·m | 20°C (68°F) | ### **5. Heat Treatment Requirements** #### **5.1 As-Supplied Condition: Annealed** - **Annealing Temperature:** 1550-1650°F (845-900°C) - **Cooling:** Furnace cool or air cool - **Purpose:** Provide soft condition for fabrication #### **5.2 Final Heat Treatment (After Fabrication)** 1. **Normalizing:** - Temperature: 1650-1750°F (900-955°C) - Soak: 1 hour per inch minimum 2. **Tempering:** - Temperature: 1200-1350°F (650-730°C) - Soak: 1-2 hours per inch - Cooling: Air cool #### **5.3 Post-Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT)** - **Mandatory** for welded constructions - **Temperature:** 1200-1350°F (650-730°C) - **Time:** 1 hour per inch minimum - **Purpose:** Stress relief and tempering of weld HAZ ### **6. Product Applications** #### **6.1 Primary Industries & Applications** | Industry | Specific Applications | Service Conditions | |----------|----------------------|---------------------| | **Power Generation** | - Intermediate pressure boilers
- Steam piping and headers | 800-950°F (425-510°C) | | **Petrochemical** | - Process heaters
- Moderate temperature reactors | 700-900°F (370-480°C) | | **Chemical Processing** | - Heat exchangers
- Process vessels | 600-850°F (315-455°C) | | **Refining** | - Distillation columns
- Intermediate temperature vessels | 650-900°F (345-480°C) | #### **6.2 Application Advantages** - **Cost Savings:** Lower chromium content than Grade 11 - **Adequate Performance:** Suitable for many moderate temperature applications - **Good Fabricability:** Annealed condition enables complex forming - **Code Compliance:** ASME approved for pressure vessel construction ### **7. Fabrication Characteristics** #### **7.1 Weldability** **Weldability Rating:** **Very Good** (for a low-alloy steel) | Parameter | Requirements | |-----------|--------------| | **Carbon Equivalent** | 0.40-0.50% | | **Preheat Temperature** | 250-350°F (120-175°C) | | **Interpass Temperature** | 400-600°F (205-315°C) | | **Recommended Processes** | SMAW, GTAW, SAW | | **Consumables** | AWS A5.5 E8018-B2 or equivalent | #### **7.2 Forming & Machining (Annealed Condition)** - **Cold Forming:** Excellent due to soft condition - **Hot Forming:** Performed at 1650-1800°F (900-980°C) - **Machining:** Good in annealed condition - **Cutting:** All standard methods suitable ### **8. Comparative Analysis** #### **8.1 vs. Other A387 Grades** | Aspect | Grade 12 Class 1 | Grade 11 Class 1 | Grade 22 Class 1 | |--------|-----------------|------------------|------------------| | **Chromium Content** | 0.80-1.15% | 1.00-1.50% | 2.00-2.50% | | **Temperature Capability** | Up to 950°F | Up to 1000°F | Up to 1200°F | | **Cost** | **Most economical** | Moderate | Highest | | **Primary Use** | **Moderate temperature** | General high-temp | Higher temperature | #### **8.2 vs. Carbon-Molybdenum Steels** | Property | A387 Gr 12 Cl 1 | A204 Grade A | |----------|-----------------|--------------| | **Alloy System** | 1Cr-0.5Mo | 0.5Mo only | | **Oxidation Resistance** | **Better** | Standard | | **Creep Strength** | **Better** | Good | | **Cost** | Higher | Lower | | **Max Temperature** | **950°F** | 900°F | ### **9. Technical Advantages** #### **9.1 Key Benefits** 1. **Improved High-Temperature Properties:** Better than carbon-molybdenum steels 2. **Cost-Effective:** Lower chromium content reduces cost vs. higher alloys 3. **Excellent Fabricability:** Annealed condition ideal for forming 4. **Code Compliance:** ASME approved for pressure vessel use 5. **Proven Performance:** Established track record in industry ### **10. Design Considerations** #### **10.1 Temperature Limits** - **Maximum Continuous Service:** 950°F (510°C) - **Hydrogen Service:** Limited capability; consult Nelson curves - **Cyclic Service:** Requires proper fatigue analysis - **Minimum Temperature:** -20°F (-29°C) without impact testing #### **10.2 Corrosion Considerations** - **Oxidation Resistance:** Good to 950°F - **Sulfidation:** Limited resistance - **Aqueous Corrosion:** Similar to carbon steel ### **11. Quality Assurance** #### **11.1 Standard Testing** 1. **Chemical Analysis:** Heat and product verification 2. **Tensile Testing:** One test per plate or 50 tons 3. **Hardness Testing:** For quality verification #### **11.2 Optional Tests** - **Charpy Impact:** When specified - **Ultrasonic Testing:** For critical applications - **High-Temperature Testing:** For design validation ### **12. Procurement & Specification** #### **12.1 Ordering Information** Specify clearly: - ASTM A387/A387M Grade 12 Class 1 - Plate dimensions and tolerances - Testing requirements - Certification requirements #### **12.2 Availability** - **Lead Time:** 6-10 weeks typical - **Thickness Range:** 0.25 to 4 inches (6 to 100 mm) - **Standard Sizes:** Available from major mills ### **13. Case Studies** #### **13.1 Process Heater Application** **Industry:** Petrochemical plant **Application:** Process heater tubesheets **Conditions:** 850°F (455°C), cyclic operation **Results:** Adequate performance at lower cost than Grade 11, successful 15-year service #### **13.2 Power Plant Steam Piping** **Application:** Intermediate pressure steam lines **Conditions:** 900°F (480°C), 600 psi **Performance:** Met all design requirements, cost-effective solution ### **14. Industry Trends** #### **14.1 Current Applications** - **Moderate Temperature** process equipment - **Cost-Sensitive** high-temperature applications - **Replacement Parts** for existing equipment - **Industrial Boilers** and heat recovery systems #### **14.2 Market Position** - **Niche Material:** Between carbon-molybdenum and higher chromium steels - **Cost-Driven Selection:** When Grade 11 is over-specified - **Established Usage:** Proven in specific applications ### **15. Conclusion** **ASTM A387 Grade 12 Class 1** provides a **cost-effective chromium-molybdenum steel option** for **moderate high-temperature pressure vessel applications** where Grade 11 may be over-specified. Its technical attributes offer: **Key Advantages:** 1. **Economic Efficiency:** Lower chromium content reduces material cost 2. **Adequate Performance:** Suitable for temperatures up to 950°F 3. **Excellent Fabricability:** Annealed condition enables complex forming 4. **Code Compliance:** ASME approved for pressure vessel construction **Optimal Application Scenarios:** - Moderate temperature process equipment (800-950°F) - Cost-sensitive high-temperature applications - Components requiring extensive forming operations - Replacements for existing Grade 12 equipment **Selection Considerations:** - Evaluate temperature requirements carefully - Consider total cost including fabrication and heat treatment - Compare with Grade 11 for marginal temperature applications - Verify code compliance for specific service conditions While **less commonly specified than Grade 11**, ASTM A387 Grade 12 Class 1 serves an **important niche** for applications where the slightly higher chromium content of Grade 11 is not justified. Its **balanced properties and cost-effectiveness** make it a **practical choice** for engineers designing moderate temperature pressure equipment where both performance and economy are important considerations. For applications operating in the **800-950°F range** where enhanced properties over carbon-molybdenum steels are required but Grade 11 represents over-specification, **Grade 12 Class 1 offers a technically sound, economically sensible solution** that has proven its value in appropriate service conditions. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A387 Alloy Steel, Grade 12, Class 1 Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <5993 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A387 Alloy Steel, Grade 12, Class 1 Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Spherical ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Powder, Grade 12, Class 1 Particle Size Description -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Applications of Spherical ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Powder, Grade 12, Class 1 -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Applications of ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Spherical Powder, Grade 12, Class 1 -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Spherical Powder, Grade 12, Class 1 -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Spherical Powder, Grade 12, Class 1 -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Spherical Powder drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 2464 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition