Spherical ASTM A516 Carbon Steel Powder, Grade 65

ASTM A516 Carbon Steel Spherical Powder, Grade 65 Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A516 Carbon Steel Spherical Powder, Grade 65 Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical ASTM A516 Carbon Steel Powder, Grade 65 characteristics -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical ASTM A516 Carbon Steel Powder, Grade 65 Particle Size -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- -:- 0-15μm ,5-25μm, 15-45μm, 15-53μm,20-63um, 45-75μm, 45-105μm, 45-150μm ,75-150μm. (Various granularities can be customized according to customer requirements) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Spherical ASTM A516 Carbon Steel Powder, Grade 65 Applicable processes -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Laser/electron beam additive manufacturing (SLM/EBM, 3D printing) Direct laser deposition (DLD) Used in thermal spray (TSA) Powder hot isostatic pressing (HIP) Metal injection molding (MIM) Powder metallurgy (PM) Laser cladding (LC), etc. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical ASTM A516 Carbon Steel Powder, Grade 65 Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A516 Carbon Steel, Grade 65 Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Product Introduction: ASTM A516 Grade 65 Carbon Steel Plate** **ASTM A516 Grade 65** is a **notch-tough, normalized carbon steel plate** specifically engineered for **fusion welded pressure vessels and other pressure-containing components** operating at moderate and low temperatures. As part of the widely used A516 specification, Grade 65 offers a minimum yield strength of **65 ksi (450 MPa)** while maintaining excellent impact toughness, making it suitable for applications where resistance to brittle fracture is critical. This grade represents the premier carbon steel option for pressure vessels requiring both high strength and reliable toughness, particularly in low-temperature service. --- ## **1. Key International Standards & Specifications** * **Primary Standard:** **ASTM A516/A516M** - Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, for Moderate- and Lower-Temperature Service * **Governing Standard:** **ASTM A20/A20M** - General Requirements for Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels * **ASME Code Adoption:** **SA-516 Grade 65** in ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section II, Part A * **Impact Test Categories:** **Grades 65, 70 only** - Mandatory impact testing distinguishes these from lower grades * **International Equivalents:** * **EN 10028-3:** P355NL (normalized, low temperature, 355 MPa yield - lower strength) * **ISO 9328-3:** Steel flat products for pressure purposes - Part 3: Weldable fine grain steels, normalized * **JIS G3115:** SPV450 (Japanese pressure vessel steel, 450 MPa min yield) * **GB 713:** Q370R (Chinese pressure vessel steel, 370 MPa min yield - closest available) * **DIN 17102:** HII (German steel for pressure vessels) --- ## **2. Chemical Composition (Weight %)** | Element | Composition Range (%) | Metallurgical Function & Special Requirements | |---------|----------------------|----------------------------------------------| | Carbon (C) | 0.24 max (0.22 max for >1.5 in thick) | Controlled for optimal weldability and toughness balance | | Manganese (Mn) | 0.85-1.20 (max 1.50 for >1.5 in thick) | Enhances strength and toughness; promotes fine grain structure | | Phosphorus (P) | 0.035 max | Stringently controlled for improved toughness | | Sulfur (S) | 0.040 max | Controlled with possible inclusion shape control | | Silicon (Si) | 0.13-0.45 | Deoxidizer; contributes to strength | | **Key Feature:** Grade 65 **must** be **fully killed** (typically silicon-killed, aluminum may be used for grain refinement) | ### **Optional Supplementary Requirements (S1-S19):** * **S1. Vacuum Treatment:** For improved cleanliness * **S2. Product Analysis:** Additional verification * **S3. Simulated Post-Weld Heat Treatment:** For stability * **S4. Additional Tension Test:** For thickness > 3 in * **S5. Charpy V-Notch Tests:** At lower temperatures (down to -60°F/-51°C) * **S6. Drop-Weight Tests:** For fracture mechanics evaluation * **S7. High-Temperature Tension Tests:** When specified * **S8. Ultrasonic Examination:** For internal quality * **S9. Magnetic Particle Examination:** For surface defects * **S10. Carbon Restriction:** Lower max carbon (typically 0.20%) ### **Carbon Equivalent Analysis:** - **IIW Formula:** CE = C + Mn/6 + (Cr+Mo+V)/5 + (Ni+Cu)/15 - **Typical CE Range:** 0.40-0.50 (optimized for weldability at this strength level) - **Pcm Formula:** C + Si/30 + Mn/20 + Cu/20 + Ni/60 + Cr/20 + Mo/15 + V/10 + 5B - **Typical Pcm:** 0.22-0.30 - **Weldability Classification:** Good for 65 ksi yield strength steel ### **Key Composition Features:** 1. **Fully Killed Steel:** Essential for consistent properties and impact toughness 2. **Controlled Carbon:** Lower than A515 Grade 65 for improved toughness 3. **Manganese Optimization:** Balanced for strength without excessive hardenability 4. **Clean Steel Practice:** Modern production ensures low residuals 5. **Fine Grain Practice:** Often aluminum-treated for ASTM 5 or finer grain size --- ## **3. Mechanical & Physical Properties** ### **Minimum Room Temperature Mechanical Properties:** - **Tensile Strength:** **515-655 MPa** (75,000-95,000 psi) - **Yield Strength (0.2% offset, min):** **450 MPa** (65,000 psi) - **Elongation in 2 in. (50 mm):** **19% minimum** (for plates ≤ ¾ in / 19 mm thick) - **Elongation in 8 in. (200 mm):** **17% minimum** - **Reduction of Area:** Typically 40-50% ### **Mandatory Impact Toughness (Defining Characteristic):** - **Charpy V-Notch Testing:** **Required for all material** - **Standard Test Temperature:** **+70°F (+21°C)** minimum (may be specified lower) - **Minimum Absorbed Energy:** **20 J (15 ft-lb)** minimum average of 3 specimens - **Individual Specimen:** No single value < 17 J (12.5 ft-lb) - **Lower Temperature Options:** Can be specified to -60°F (-51°C) per Supplementary Requirement S5 ### **Thickness-Dependent Property Adjustments:** | Thickness Range | Minimum Yield Strength | Minimum Tensile Strength | Impact Test Notes | |-----------------|------------------------|--------------------------|-------------------| | ≤ ½ in (13 mm) | 450 MPa (65 ksi) | 515 MPa (75 ksi) | Full properties | | > ½ to 1½ in (13-38 mm) | 435 MPa (63 ksi) | 515 MPa (75 ksi) | Standard impact testing | | > 1½ to 2 in (38-51 mm) | 415 MPa (60 ksi) | 515 MPa (75 ksi) | Impact properties maintained | | > 2 to 4 in (51-102 mm) | 400 MPa (58 ksi) | 515 MPa (75 ksi) | May require adjusted impact | | > 4 to 6 in (102-152 mm) | 380 MPa (55 ksi) | 515 MPa (75 ksi) | Special considerations needed | ### **Physical Properties:** | Property | Value | Conditions / Notes | |----------|-------|-------------------| | Density | 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³) | Room temperature | | Modulus of Elasticity | 200 GPa (29×10⁶ psi) | Room temperature | | Shear Modulus | 77 GPa (11.2×10⁶ psi) | Room temperature | | Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | - | | Coefficient of Thermal Expansion | 11.7×10⁻⁶/°C | 20-100°C | | Thermal Conductivity | 51.0 W/m·K | 100°C | | Specific Heat | 450 J/kg·K | 100°C | | Thermal Diffusivity | 14.5 mm²/s | 100°C | ### **Hardness Properties:** - **Typical Range:** 180-220 HB (Brinell) - **Maximum Typically:** 225 HB for weldability considerations - **Uniformity:** Excellent through-thickness properties in normalized condition --- ## **4. Heat Treatment & Microstructure** ### **Mandatory Heat Treatment:** - **Supply Condition:** **Normalized** (required for all thicknesses) - **Normalizing Temperature:** 1550-1700°F (845-925°C) - **Soaking Time:** 1 hour per inch of thickness, minimum 30 minutes - **Cooling Method:** Still air or controlled air cooling - **Purpose:** Achieves fine, uniform grain structure for optimal toughness ### **Optional Additional Treatments:** - **Normalized and Tempered:** For special requirements - **Simulated PWHT:** Per Supplementary Requirement S3 (1150-1250°F / 620-675°C) ### **Microstructural Characteristics:** - **Primary Structure:** Fine-grained ferrite with pearlite (typically 25-40% pearlite) - **Grain Size:** ASTM 5 or finer (often ASTM 6-8 with proper processing) - **Inclusion Control:** Typically ASTM E45 ratings ≤2.0 - **Homogeneity:** Excellent due to normalizing and killing practice ### **Fabrication Heat Treatment:** - **Post-Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT):** Often required for thickness > 1½ in (38 mm) - **PWHT Temperature:** 1100-1200°F (595-650°C) - **Stress Relief:** For highly restrained joints regardless of thickness --- ## **5. Key Characteristics & Advantages** ### **Superior Toughness (Primary Advantage):** - **Guaranteed Impact Properties:** Mandatory Charpy testing ensures fracture resistance - **Low Transition Temperature:** Maintains ductility at reduced temperatures - **Consistent Performance:** Normalized condition provides uniform properties - **Fracture Safety:** Reduced risk of brittle fracture in service ### **Strength & Fabricability Balance:** - **High Strength:** 65 ksi yield enables weight-efficient designs - **Excellent Weldability:** Optimized chemistry for welding despite high strength - **Good Formability:** Adequate for moderate forming operations - **Machinability:** ~65% of free-machining steel (1212) ### **Code Compliance & Reliability:** - **ASME Code Acceptance:** Fully approved for Section VIII construction - **Proven Service History:** Extensive use in critical pressure equipment - **Quality Assurance:** Rigorous testing requirements ensure reliability - **Design Confidence:** Predictable properties for engineering calculations ### **Economic Advantages:** - **Cost-Effective Strength:** More economical than alloy steels with similar strength - **Reduced Maintenance:** Reliable performance minimizes service issues - **Fabrication Efficiency:** Good weldability reduces fabrication costs vs. alloy steels ### **Limitations:** - **Temperature Limit:** Maximum ~650°F (345°C) for continuous service - **Corrosion Resistance:** Standard carbon steel (requires protection in corrosive environments) - **Thickness Restrictions:** Properties degrade in very thick sections --- ## **6. Product Applications** ### **Pressure Vessels (Primary Application):** - **Low-Temperature Storage:** - Liquid propane (LPG) storage tanks - Liquid ammonia storage vessels - Refrigerated gas storage - Cryogenic service (with appropriate impact testing) - **Chemical & Petrochemical:** - Reactors operating at moderate temperatures - Process columns and towers - Separators and scrubbers - Heat exchanger shells - **Power Generation:** - Deaerators and feedwater heaters - Steam drums (moderate pressure) - Condensate storage tanks - Auxiliary pressure vessels ### **Oil & Gas Industry:** - **Production Equipment:** - Separators and treaters - Gas sweetening vessels - Water knockout drums - Pipeline scraper traps - **Refining:** - Intermediate process vessels - Storage vessels for processed products - Utility service vessels ### **Industrial Processing:** - **Food & Beverage:** - Process vessels with cooling requirements - Storage tanks for liquid ingredients - Pasteurization equipment - **Pharmaceutical:** - Fermentation vessels - Storage tanks - Process equipment (with appropriate linings) ### **Special Applications:** - **Hydrogen Service:** With proper design considerations - **Ammonia Service:** Commonly used for anhydrous ammonia storage - **Oxygen Service:** With proper cleaning and design --- ## **7. Fabrication Guidelines** ### **Welding Procedures (Critical for Maintaining Toughness):** #### **Preheat Requirements:** | Thickness Range | Minimum Preheat | Recommended Range | Notes | |-----------------|-----------------|-------------------|-------| | ≤ ¾ in (19 mm) | 50°F (10°C) | 150-200°F (65-95°C) | For low restraint | | > ¾ to 1½ in (19-38 mm) | 150°F (65°C) | 200-250°F (95-120°C) | General practice | | > 1½ to 2½ in (38-64 mm) | 200°F (95°C) | 250-300°F (120-150°C) | For thicker sections | | > 2½ in (>64 mm) | 250°F (120°C) | 300-350°F (150-175°C) | High restraint applications | #### **Interpass Temperature Control:** - **Maximum Interpass:** 400°F (205°C) generally - **Optimal Range:** 300-350°F (150-175°C) - **For Maximum Toughness:** Maintain 250-300°F (120-150°C) #### **Filler Metal Selection:** - **SMAW (Stick):** E7018, E7018-1, E8018-C3 (low hydrogen essential) - **FCAW (Flux-cored):** E71T-1, E70T-5 - **GMAW (MIG):** ER70S-6, ER70S-3 - **SAW (Submerged):** F7A2-EM12K, F7A0-EA2-A2 - **For Low-Temperature Service:** E8018-C3 or equivalent #### **Post-Weld Heat Treatment:** - **When Required:** Thickness > 1½ in (38 mm) or highly restrained joints - **Temperature Range:** 1100-1200°F (595-650°C) - **Soaking Time:** 1 hour per inch of thickness, minimum 1 hour - **Heating Rate:** Max 400°F/h (205°C/h) to 800°F (425°C) - **Cooling Rate:** Max 400°F/h (205°C/h) from 800°F (425°C) ### **Cutting & Edge Preparation:** - **Plasma Cutting:** Preferred for minimal HAZ - **Oxy-Fuel Cutting:** Requires preheat ≥150°F (65°C) for >1 in - **Mechanical Cutting:** Suitable with proper equipment - **Edge Condition:** Critical for welding; remove all defects ### **Forming Operations:** - **Cold Bending:** Minimum radius = 3× thickness for 90° bends - **Hot Forming:** 1650-1800°F (900-980°C) with post-forming normalization if properties affected - **Local Heating:** Control temperature and cooling rates ### **Machining:** - **Tool Materials:** Carbide or high-speed steel - **Cutting Parameters:** Moderate speeds and feeds - **Coolant:** Recommended for heavy machining --- ## **8. Design Considerations** ### **Pressure Vessel Design (ASME Section VIII, Div. 1):** - **Allowable Stress Values:** Refer to ASME Section II, Part D, Table 1A - **Typical Values:** 21.7 ksi at 100°F, 17.8 ksi at 650°F (150 MPa at 38°C, 123 MPa at 345°C) - **Joint Efficiency:** 0.70-1.00 based on examination level - **Corrosion Allowance:** Typically ⅛ in (3.2 mm) ### **Temperature Design Limits:** - **Minimum Design Metal Temperature (MDMT):** Can be as low as **-55°F (-48°C)** with appropriate impact testing - **Standard MDMT:** -20°F (-29°C) without additional testing - **Maximum Continuous Service:** 650°F (345°C) - **For Lower MDMT:** Impact testing per ASME UCS-66 required ### **Impact Testing Strategy:** - **Standard Requirement:** 20 J @ +70°F (+21°C) - **Lower Temperature Options:** Per Supplementary Requirement S5 - **Testing Frequency:** Per heat treatment charge - **Testing Orientation:** Typically longitudinal ### **Thickness Design Strategy:** - **Optimum Range:** ¼ to 2 inches (6 to 50 mm) - **Thick Section Design:** Account for property derating - **Minimum Thickness:** Often governed by fabrication constraints --- ## **9. Comparison with Related Grades** ### **A516 Grade 65 vs. A516 Grade 60:** | Parameter | Grade 65 | Grade 60 | Selection Considerations | |-----------|----------|----------|--------------------------| | **Yield Strength** | 450 MPa (65 ksi) | 415 MPa (60 ksi) | Grade 65 for higher pressure/thinner walls | | **Mandatory Impact** | Yes | Only if specified | Grade 65 guarantees toughness | | **Carbon Max** | 0.24% | 0.27% | Grade 65 better for welding | | **Cost Premium** | ~10-15% higher | Baseline | Grade 60 more economical | | **Applications** | Critical, low-temp service | General pressure vessels | Service conditions dictate | ### **A516 Grade 65 vs. A515 Grade 65:** | Aspect | A516 Grade 65 | A515 Grade 65 | Key Differences | |--------|---------------|---------------|-----------------| | **Primary Design** | Moderate/low temperature | Intermediate/high temperature | Temperature focus | | **Mandatory Impact** | Yes | No | A516 ensures toughness | | **Normalizing** | Required | Recommended | A516 always normalized | | **Killing Practice** | Fully killed | Semi or fully killed | A516 more consistent | | **Best For** | Low-temp, tough applications | Elevated temperature | Clear temperature boundary | ### **A516 Grade 65 vs. A537 Class 1:** | Consideration | A516 Grade 65 | A537 Class 1 | Application Guidance | |---------------|---------------|--------------|---------------------| | **Yield Strength** | 450 MPa (65 ksi) | 345 MPa (50 ksi) | A516 stronger | | **Impact Toughness** | Good | Excellent | A537 better for very low temps | | **Cost** | Lower | Higher | A516 more economical | | **Normalizing** | Required | Required | Both normalized | | **Best Application** | General low-temp vessels | Critical low-temp service | A537 for more severe conditions | ### **International Equivalents Comparison:** | Standard | Equivalent Grade | Yield Strength | Key Differences | |----------|-----------------|---------------|-----------------| | **EN 10028-3** | P355NL | 355 MPa | Lower strength, similar toughness | | **JIS G3115** | SPV450 | 450 MPa | Similar strength, JIS standards | | **GB 713** | Q370R | 370 MPa | Lower strength Chinese equivalent | | **ISO 9328-3** | P355NL | 355 MPa | International normalized steel | --- ## **10. Quality Control & Certification** ### **Mandatory Testing Requirements:** 1. **Chemical Analysis:** Ladle analysis required 2. **Tensile Testing:** Per heat treatment charge 3. **Charpy Impact Testing:** **Required for all material** 4. **Bend Test:** For weld procedure qualification ### **Supplementary Testing Options:** - **S5. Lower Temperature Impact:** Down to -60°F (-51°C) - **S6. Drop-Weight Test:** Nil-ductility transition temperature - **S8. Ultrasonic Examination:** For internal quality - **S9. Magnetic Particle:** For surface defects - **S10. Carbon Restriction:** Lower max carbon ### **Certification Requirements:** - **Complete MTC:** Including impact test results - **Heat Treatment Records:** Normalizing details - **Impact Test Reports:** Full Charpy data - **Traceability:** Complete from melt to plate ### **Industry Acceptance:** - **ASME Section VIII:** Fully approved - **API Standards:** Accepted for storage tanks - **Major Oil Companies:** Typically approved - **International Projects:** May require additional testing --- **Technical Summary:** ASTM A516 Grade 65 represents a premium carbon steel plate specifically designed for pressure vessel applications requiring both high strength (65 ksi yield) and guaranteed impact toughness. Its mandatory Charpy testing, normalized condition, and fully killed steel practice ensure reliable performance in moderate and low-temperature service. While similar in strength to A515 Grade 65, A516 Grade 65 is distinguished by its toughness-oriented design, making it the preferred choice for applications where fracture resistance is critical, such as low-temperature storage, refrigerated service, and other applications where brittle fracture is a concern. The material offers an excellent balance of strength, toughness, weldability, and cost-effectiveness for a wide range of pressure vessel applications. Proper specification should include appropriate supplementary requirements (particularly S5 for low-temperature service) to ensure the material meets specific application needs. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A516 Carbon Steel, Grade 65 Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <6022 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A516 Carbon Steel, Grade 65 Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Spherical ASTM A516 Carbon Steel Powder, Grade 65 Particle Size Description -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Applications of Spherical ASTM A516 Carbon Steel Powder, Grade 65 -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Applications of ASTM A516 Carbon Steel Spherical Powder, Grade 65 -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers ASTM A516 Carbon Steel Spherical Powder, Grade 65 -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of ASTM A516 Carbon Steel Spherical Powder, Grade 65 -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Spherical Powder drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 2493 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition