Spherical ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Powder, Grade 9, Class 1

ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Spherical Powder, Grade 9, Class 1 Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Spherical Powder, Grade 9, Class 1 Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Powder, Grade 9, Class 1 characteristics -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Powder, Grade 9, Class 1 Particle Size -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- -:- 0-15μm ,5-25μm, 15-45μm, 15-53μm,20-63um, 45-75μm, 45-105μm, 45-150μm ,75-150μm. (Various granularities can be customized according to customer requirements) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Spherical ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Powder, Grade 9, Class 1 Applicable processes -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Laser/electron beam additive manufacturing (SLM/EBM, 3D printing) Direct laser deposition (DLD) Used in thermal spray (TSA) Powder hot isostatic pressing (HIP) Metal injection molding (MIM) Powder metallurgy (PM) Laser cladding (LC), etc. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Powder, Grade 9, Class 1 Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A387 Alloy Steel, Grade 9, Class 1 Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Product Introduction: ASTM A387 Grade 9 Class 1 Alloy Steel Plate** **ASTM A387 Grade 9 Class 1** is a chromium-molybdenum alloy steel plate designed for elevated temperature pressure vessel applications, offering enhanced oxidation resistance compared to lower chromium grades. The "Grade 9" designation indicates a chemical composition containing **8-10% Chromium and 0.9-1.1% Molybdenum**, while "Class 1" specifies that the material is supplied in the **as-rolled or as-supplied condition** without mandatory final heat treatment from the mill. This material bridges the performance gap between conventional low-alloy steels (Grades 2, 5, 7) and advanced high-temperature alloys (Grade 91). It provides significantly improved oxidation resistance and elevated temperature strength for applications where conventional chromium-molybdenum steels are inadequate but where the premium cost of Grade 91 cannot be justified. --- ## **1. Key International Standards** * **Primary Material Standard:** **ASTM A387/A387M** - Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Chromium-Molybdenum * **Common Supplementary Standards:** * **ASTM A20/A20M:** General Requirements for Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels * **ASME Section II, Part A:** Adopted as **SA-387 Grade 9 Class 1** in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code * **EN 10028-2:** Comparable European standard is **P9** (approximately 1.7380) * **JIS G4109:** Japanese equivalent SCMV 9 --- ## **2. Chemical Composition (Weight %, ASTM A387)** | Element | Composition (%) | Metallurgical Function | |---------|----------------|------------------------| | Carbon (C) | 0.15 max | Controls strength and hardenability | | Manganese (Mn) | 0.30-0.60 | Enhances strength and hardenability | | Phosphorus (P) | 0.030 max | Impurity control (toughness) | | Sulfur (S) | 0.030 max | Impurity control (inclusions) | | Silicon (Si) | 0.25-1.00 | Deoxidizer and solid solution strengthener | | **Chromium (Cr)** | **8.00-10.00** | **Primary alloy for oxidation/sulfidation resistance** | | **Molybdenum (Mo)** | **0.90-1.10** | **Enhances elevated temperature strength** | | Vanadium (V) | Not specified | (Note: Differs from Grade 91 which contains V+Nb) | *Note: The absence of vanadium and niobium distinguishes Grade 9 from Grade 91, resulting in lower creep strength but better weldability and reduced heat treatment sensitivity.* --- ## **3. Mechanical & Physical Properties (Class 1, As-Rolled Condition)** ### **Room Temperature Mechanical Properties:** - **Tensile Strength:** **415-585 MPa** (60,000-85,000 psi) - **Yield Strength (min):** **205 MPa** (30,000 psi) - **Elongation in 2 in. (50 mm):** 18% minimum - **Reduction of Area:** Typically 40-55% - **Hardness Range:** 170-220 HB (Brinell) ### **Elevated Temperature Properties:** - **Maximum Continuous Service Temperature:** Approximately **650°C (1200°F)** - **Creep Strength:** Moderate - significantly lower than Grade 91 but adequate for many applications - **Oxidation Resistance:** Good resistance to scaling and oxidation due to 8-10% Cr ### **Physical Properties:** | Property | Value | Conditions | |----------|-------|------------| | Density | 7.78 g/cm³ (0.281 lb/in³) | Room temperature | | Modulus of Elasticity | 202 GPa (29.3×10⁶ psi) | 21°C (70°F) | | Thermal Conductivity | 28-32 W/m·K | 500°C (932°F) | | Specific Heat | 580 J/kg·K | 500°C (932°F) | | Thermal Expansion Coefficient | 11.5×10⁻⁶/K | 20-600°C (68-1112°F) | | Thermal Diffusivity | 7.5-8.5 mm²/s | 500°C (932°F) | --- ## **4. Key Characteristics & Advantages** ### **Oxidation & Corrosion Resistance:** - **Superior Oxidation Resistance:** Significantly better than lower chromium grades (Grade 2, 5, 7) at temperatures above 550°C (1020°F) - **Sulfidation Resistance:** Good resistance to sulfur-containing environments in refining applications - **Steam Oxidation Resistance:** Suitable for steam service up to approximately 600°C (1112°F) ### **High-Temperature Performance:** - **Creep Strength:** Adequate for many industrial applications below 600°C (1112°F) - **Thermal Fatigue Resistance:** Good resistance to thermal cycling - **Microstructural Stability:** Reasonable stability during long-term exposure at elevated temperatures ### **Fabrication Advantages:** - **Weldability:** Better than Grade 91 due to absence of vanadium and reduced hardenability - **Heat Treatment Flexibility:** Less sensitive to precise temperature control than Grade 91 - **Formability:** Can be hot formed with standard practices ### **Cost-Effectiveness:** - **Material Cost:** Lower than Grade 91 and austenitic stainless steels - **Fabrication Cost:** Lower than more advanced alloys due to reduced heat treatment requirements --- ## **5. Heat Treatment Considerations** ### **Mill Condition (Class 1):** - Supplied in as-rolled condition - No mandatory heat treatment from mill - Fabricator responsible for final heat treatment after welding/forming ### **Recommended Heat Treatments:** 1. **Normalizing:** 925-980°C (1697-1796°F) followed by air cooling 2. **Tempering:** 700-750°C (1292-1382°F) for stress relief and toughness improvement 3. **Stress Relieving:** 650-700°C (1202-1292°F) for welded assemblies ### **Transformation Temperatures:** - **Ac₁:** ~800-830°C (1472-1526°F) - **Ac₃:** ~890-920°C (1634-1688°F) - **Martensite Formation:** May form air-hardening martensite on cooling from austenitizing temperatures --- ## **6. Product Applications** ### **Power Generation:** - **Steam Piping Systems:** Intermediate temperature headers and lines - **Heat Recovery Steam Generators (HRSGs):** Intermediate temperature sections - **Fossil Fuel Boilers:** Pressure parts operating below 600°C (1112°F) - **Steam Drums and Headers:** For conventional power plants ### **Petrochemical & Refining:** - **Catalytic Cracking Units:** Reactor vessels and regenerators - **Hydrotreating Units:** Hot separators and effluent lines - **Reformer Units:** Process piping and heat exchanger shells - **Sulfur Recovery Plants:** Process equipment ### **Chemical Processing:** - **High-Temperature Reactors:** For processes below 600°C (1112°F) - **Heat Exchangers:** Shells and tube sheets - **Process Vessels:** Operating in corrosive environments ### **Oil & Gas Production:** - **Production Separators:** For high-temperature service - **Gas Treatment Plants:** Pressure vessels and piping --- ## **7. Fabrication Guidelines** ### **Welding Requirements:** - **Preheat Temperature:** **150-250°C (300-480°F)** minimum - **Interpass Temperature:** **200-300°C (392-572°F)** - **Post-Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT):** **Highly Recommended** - Temperature: **700-750°C (1292-1382°F)** - Time: 1 hour per inch (25 mm) of thickness, minimum 1 hour - **Filler Metals:** AWS A5.5 E80XX-B8 or similar 9Cr-1Mo type electrodes ### **Forming Operations:** - **Hot Forming:** Recommended temperature range 900-1100°C (1652-2012°F) - **Cold Forming:** Possible with proper techniques and potential stress relief - **Machinability:** Fair to good with proper tools and techniques ### **Critical Fabrication Notes:** 1. **Slow Cooling:** Avoid rapid cooling from high temperatures to prevent excessive hardening 2. **Stress Relief:** Essential after welding and cold forming 3. **Temperature Control:** Monitor temperatures during all thermal operations 4. **Cleaning:** Remove all contaminants before heating to high temperatures --- ## **8. Comparison with Related Grades** | Aspect | Grade 9 vs. Grade 7 | Grade 9 vs. Grade 91 | Grade 9 vs. 304H Stainless | |--------|---------------------|----------------------|----------------------------| | **Chromium Content** | Higher (8-10% vs. 7-9%) | Similar (8-10% vs. 8-9.5%) | Lower (8-10% vs. 18-20%) | | **Creep Strength** | Similar to slightly better | Significantly lower | Similar at moderate temperatures | | **Maximum Temperature** | ~650°C vs. ~650°C | ~650°C vs. ~625°C | ~700°C vs. ~650°C | | **Oxidation Resistance** | Better | Similar | Superior | | **Thermal Expansion** | Lower | Similar | Higher | | **Thermal Conductivity** | Higher | Similar | Lower | | **Cost** | Higher than Grade 7 | Lower than Grade 91 | Lower | --- ## **9. Quality Control & Testing** ### **Standard Testing Requirements:** - Chemical analysis (ladle and product) - Tensile testing at room temperature - Hardness testing - Dimensional verification ### **Additional Testing (as specified):** - Impact testing (Charpy V-notch) - Ultrasonic examination - Elevated temperature tensile tests - Macro/micro examination ### **Certification:** - Mill test certificates to ASTM A20 requirements - Heat treatment records (if performed) - Traceability to original heat number --- ## **10. Limitations & Special Considerations** ### **Service Limitations:** - Not recommended for service requiring exceptional creep strength above 575°C (1067°F) - Limited toughness at sub-zero temperatures - May require post-weld heat treatment for thick sections ### **Design Considerations:** - Lower allowable stresses than Grade 91 at elevated temperatures - Requires careful consideration of thermal expansion in system design - May need corrosion allowance in certain environments ### **Maintenance Considerations:** - Regular inspection for oxidation/corrosion in aggressive environments - Monitoring for thermal fatigue in cyclic service - Potential for graphitization in long-term service above 450°C (842°F) --- **Technical Summary:** ASTM A387 Grade 9 Class 1 represents a cost-effective intermediate alloy steel for elevated temperature pressure vessel applications where enhanced oxidation resistance is required but where the premium performance of Grade 91 is unnecessary. Its 8-10% chromium content provides good resistance to scaling and oxidation up to approximately 650°C (1200°F), making it suitable for many power generation and petrochemical applications. While lacking the advanced precipitation strengthening mechanisms of Grade 91, it offers simpler fabrication requirements and lower overall cost, making it a practical choice for applications where the full capabilities of Grade 91 would be underutilized. Proper heat treatment after fabrication remains essential to achieve optimal properties and ensure reliable long-term performance. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A387 Alloy Steel, Grade 9, Class 1 Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <6006 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A387 Alloy Steel, Grade 9, Class 1 Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Spherical ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Powder, Grade 9, Class 1 Particle Size Description -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Applications of Spherical ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Powder, Grade 9, Class 1 -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Applications of ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Spherical Powder, Grade 9, Class 1 -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Spherical Powder, Grade 9, Class 1 -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of ASTM A387 Alloy Steel Spherical Powder, Grade 9, Class 1 -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Spherical Powder drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 2477 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition