Spherical ASTM A517 Low Alloy Steel Powder, Grade E

ASTM A517 Low Alloy Steel Spherical Powder, Grade E Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A517 Low Alloy Steel Spherical Powder, Grade E Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical ASTM A517 Low Alloy Steel Powder, Grade E characteristics -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical ASTM A517 Low Alloy Steel Powder, Grade E Particle Size -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- -:- 0-15μm ,5-25μm, 15-45μm, 15-53μm,20-63um, 45-75μm, 45-105μm, 45-150μm ,75-150μm. (Various granularities can be customized according to customer requirements) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Spherical ASTM A517 Low Alloy Steel Powder, Grade E Applicable processes -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Laser/electron beam additive manufacturing (SLM/EBM, 3D printing) Direct laser deposition (DLD) Used in thermal spray (TSA) Powder hot isostatic pressing (HIP) Metal injection molding (MIM) Powder metallurgy (PM) Laser cladding (LC), etc. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical ASTM A517 Low Alloy Steel Powder, Grade E Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A517 Low Alloy Steel, Grade E Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Product Introduction: ASTM A517 Grade E Quenched & Tempered High-Strength Alloy Steel Plate** **ASTM A517 Grade E** is a specialized **high-strength, quenched and tempered (Q&T) alloy steel plate** within the A517/A514 family, engineered for applications requiring **enhanced toughness and specific performance characteristics** beyond the standard grades. Offering a minimum yield strength of **100 ksi (690 MPa)**, Grade E represents a refined chemistry variant optimized through **specific alloying modifications** to address particular application challenges, including improved low-temperature toughness or specialized fabrication requirements. This grade is particularly noted for its balanced approach to achieving superior properties while maintaining excellent weldability. --- ## **1. Key International Standards & Specifications** * **Primary Standard:** **ASTM A517/A517M** - Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, High-Strength, Quenched and Tempered * **Alternative Designation:** **ASTM A514 Grade E** - Essentially identical specification * **ASME Code Adoption:** **SA-517 Grade E** in ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section II, Part A * **Industry Terminology:** **"T-1 Type E"** - Recognized for specific enhanced properties * **Military Specifications:** Often meets or exceeds **MIL-S-23284** requirements * **International Equivalents:** * **EN 10025-6:** S690QL, S690QL1 (similar strength with toughness enhancements) * **ISO 4950-3:** High yield strength flat steel products - Quenched and tempered steels * **JIS G3124:** SHT690 (Japanese high tensile strength steel) * **GB/T 16270:** Q690D/E (Chinese high strength structural steels) --- ## **2. Chemical Composition (Weight %)** **Grade E features a distinct, optimized chemistry balanced for enhanced performance:** | Element | Composition Range (%) | Metallurgical Function & Grade E Specifics | |---------|----------------------|--------------------------------------------| | Carbon (C) | 0.12-0.21 | Carefully controlled for optimal strength-toughness-weldability balance | | Manganese (Mn) | 0.70-1.00 | Provides solid solution strengthening and hardenability | | Phosphorus (P) | 0.035 max | Stringently controlled for maximum toughness | | Sulfur (S) | 0.040 max | Controlled with advanced inclusion shape control | | Silicon (Si) | 0.15-0.35 | Deoxidizer, contributes to strength | | Chromium (Cr) | 0.45-0.75 | Balanced for hardenability without excessive carbon equivalent | | Molybdenum (Mo) | 0.20-0.30 | Slightly enhanced for improved tempering resistance | | Vanadium (V) | 0.03-0.08 | Grain refinement, precipitation strengthening | | **Boron (B)** | **0.001-0.005** | **Critical:** Maximizes hardenability efficiently | | **Nickel (Ni)** | **0.25-0.50** | **Grade E Differentiator:** Significantly enhances toughness | | Copper (Cu) | ≤0.35 (typical) | May be present; improves atmospheric corrosion resistance | ### **Carbon Equivalent Analysis:** - **IIW Formula:** CE = C + Mn/6 + (Cr+Mo+V)/5 + (Ni+Cu)/15 ≈ **0.50-0.65** - **Pcm Formula:** C + Si/30 + (Mn+Cu+Cr)/20 + Ni/60 + Mo/15 + V/10 + 5B ≈ **0.23-0.33** - **Weldability Classification:** Good with proper procedures (optimized for 100 ksi strength) ### **Key Composition Features (Grade E Distinctives):** 1. **Optimized Nickel Content:** 0.25-0.50% for superior toughness enhancement 2. **Balanced Chromium:** 0.45-0.75% for hardenability without excessive CE 3. **Enhanced Molybdenum:** 0.20-0.30% for improved tempering characteristics 4. **Controlled Carbon:** Optimized range for property balance 5. **Boron Efficiency:** Maintains boron for maximum hardenability effect ### **Grade E vs. Other Grades Composition Comparison:** | Element | Grade E | Grade B | Grade C | Grade E Advantage | |---------|---------|---------|---------|-------------------| | **Nickel** | 0.25-0.50% | 0.20-0.40% | Typically ≤0.40% | Higher for enhanced toughness | | **Chromium** | 0.45-0.75% | 0.40-0.80% | 0.80-1.10% | Balanced for optimal weldability | | **Molybdenum** | 0.20-0.30% | 0.15-0.25% | 0.18-0.28% | Enhanced for better tempering | | **Primary Focus** | Optimized toughness | Improved toughness | High hardenability | Balanced toughness-weldability | ### **Metallurgical Philosophy of Grade E:** 1. **Toughness Priority:** Nickel addition lowers ductile-brittle transition temperature 2. **Weldability Consideration:** Controlled chromium avoids excessive carbon equivalent 3. **Processing Optimization:** Chemistry supports consistent heat treatment response 4. **Property Balance:** Achieves excellent combination of strength, toughness, fabricability --- ## **3. Mechanical & Physical Properties** ### **Minimum Mechanical Properties (Up to 2.5 in / 63.5 mm thick):** - **Tensile Strength:** **760-895 MPa** (110,000-130,000 psi) - **Yield Strength (0.2% offset):** **690 MPa minimum** (100,000 psi minimum) - **Elongation in 2 in. (50 mm):** **16% minimum** (often exceeds minimum) - **Reduction of Area:** Typically 45-60% - **Hardness Range:** 235-293 HB (Brinell) ### **Enhanced Impact Toughness (Grade E Specialization):** - **Charpy V-Notch Testing:** Mandatory with typically enhanced requirements - **Standard Test Temperature:** **-29°C (-20°F) or lower** commonly specified - **Minimum Absorbed Energy:** **34 J (25 ft-lb)** minimum, often 40+ J achieved - **Individual Specimens:** Typically no single value < 27 J (20 ft-lb) - **Lower Temperature Capability:** Can be specified to **-60°C (-76°F)** with proper testing ### **Thickness-Dependent Properties:** | Thickness Range | Minimum Yield Strength | Toughness Performance | Grade E Advantages | |-----------------|------------------------|-----------------------|-------------------| | ≤ 1.5 in (38 mm) | 690 MPa (100 ksi) | Excellent at -29°C or lower | Superior low-temperature toughness | | 1.5-2.5 in (38-63.5 mm) | 690 MPa (100 ksi) | Very good at -29°C | Maintains toughness in moderate thickness | | 2.5-4.0 in (63.5-102 mm) | 620 MPa (90 ksi) | Good with proper processing | Better than many grades in thick sections | | > 4.0 in (>102 mm) | Consult manufacturer | Special processing required | Enhanced capability vs. standard grades | ### **Physical Properties:** | Property | Value | Notes | |----------|-------|-------| | Density | 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³) | Similar to other steels | | Modulus of Elasticity | 200 GPa (29×10⁶ psi) | Room temperature | | Shear Modulus | 77 GPa (11.2×10⁶ psi) | Room temperature | | Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | - | | Coefficient of Thermal Expansion | 11.8×10⁻⁶/°C | 20-100°C | | Thermal Conductivity | 40-44 W/m·K | 100°C | | Specific Heat | 460-480 J/kg·K | 100°C | | Electrical Resistivity | 0.26-0.32 μΩ·m | Room temperature | ### **Grade E Specific Property Characteristics:** 1. **Superior Toughness:** Nickel-enhanced fracture resistance 2. **Excellent Low-Temperature Performance:** Maintains ductility at reduced temperatures 3. **Good Weldability:** Optimized chemistry for welding despite high strength 4. **Consistent Properties:** Reliable batch-to-batch performance 5. **Enhanced Fatigue Resistance:** Improved toughness correlates with better fatigue performance --- ## **4. Heat Treatment & Microstructure** ### **Heat Treatment Sequence:** 1. **Austenitizing:** 900-955°C (1650-1750°F) with precise control 2. **Quenching:** Accelerated cooling (water or polymer quench) 3. **Tempering:** 595-690°C (1100-1275°F) - optimized for toughness development 4. **Cooling:** Controlled air cooling after tempering ### **Grade E Processing Advantages:** - **Wider Processing Window:** Nickel increases hardenability and processing flexibility - **Optimal Tempering Response:** Enhanced toughness development during tempering - **Reduced Sensitivity:** Less sensitive to minor heat treatment variations - **Consistent Results:** Reliable property development across production ### **Microstructural Characteristics:** - **Primary Phase:** Tempered martensite with possible lower bainite components - **Carbide Distribution:** Fine, uniformly dispersed alloy carbides - **Grain Size:** ASTM 7 or finer (≤15 μm prior austenite grain size) - **Prior Austenite Grain:** Controlled through optimal processing - **Microcleanliness:** Typically superior due to enhanced production controls ### **Through-Thickness Properties:** - **Excellent Hardenability:** Nickel + boron combination provides deep hardening - **Property Uniformity:** Minimal gradient from surface to center - **Thick Section Performance:** Maintains properties better than many grades in thick sections --- ## **5. Key Characteristics & Advantages** ### **Enhanced Toughness (Primary Advantage):** - **Superior Low-Temperature Toughness:** Excellent Charpy values at reduced temperatures - **Lower Ductile-Brittle Transition:** Transition temperature significantly reduced by nickel - **Enhanced Fracture Resistance:** Improved resistance to crack initiation and propagation - **Consistent Impact Properties:** Reliable toughness across production heats ### **Strength & Fabricability Balance:** - **100 ksi Yield Strength:** High strength for weight-efficient designs - **Excellent Weldability:** Optimized chemistry for welding at high strength level - **Good HAZ Properties:** Heat-affected zone maintains good toughness - **Predictable Fabrication:** Well-established processing guidelines ### **Grade E Specific Advantages:** 1. **Optimized Toughness-Strength Balance:** Superior to many other 100 ksi grades 2. **Enhanced Low-Temperature Capability:** Suitable for cold climate applications 3. **Improved Fatigue Performance:** Better toughness correlates with enhanced fatigue life 4. **Reliability:** Consistent properties for critical applications 5. **Versatility:** Suitable for wide range of demanding applications ### **Performance & Reliability Benefits:** - **Proven Service History:** Extensive use in critical applications - **Code Acceptance:** Fully approved for demanding applications - **Quality Assurance:** Enhanced production and testing controls - **Design Confidence:** Predictable properties for engineering calculations ### **Economic Considerations:** - **Moderate Cost Premium:** 10-20% over Grade A typically - **Value Justification:** Enhanced properties justify cost for critical applications - **Lifecycle Benefits:** Reduced risk and potential for extended service life - **Insurance Advantages:** Often preferred for high-liability applications --- ## **6. Product Applications** ### **Critical Construction & Mining Equipment:** - **Heavy-Duty Crane Components:** Boom sections, outriggers for demanding lifts - **Excavator Structural Members:** Arms, booms for severe service conditions - **Mining Equipment:** Shovel components, dragline elements - **Drilling Rig Structures:** For challenging environments ### **Cold Climate & Low-Temperature Applications:** - **Arctic Construction Equipment:** Components operating in sub-zero temperatures - **Cold Storage Facility Structures:** Support structures in freezing environments - **Winterized Material Handling:** Equipment for year-round cold climate operation - **Polar Region Infrastructure:** Structural elements for extreme cold ### **Energy & Industrial Applications:** - **Wind Turbine Components:** For cold climate installations - **Hydroelectric Equipment:** Gates and structures in cold environments - **Heavy Machinery:** Critical components requiring high reliability - **Process Equipment:** For industries operating in cold climates ### **Transportation & Heavy Equipment:** - **Specialized Vehicle Frames:** For extreme service in cold conditions - **Railroad Components:** Couplers, structural members for winter operation - **Transportation Infrastructure:** Bridges and supports in cold regions ### **Defense & Special Applications:** - **Military Equipment:** For Arctic and cold climate operations - **Aerospace Support Structures:** Ground equipment for cold environments - **Specialized Handling Equipment:** For critical loads in challenging conditions ### **Applications Justifying Grade E Selection:** 1. **Low-Temperature Service:** Where enhanced toughness at reduced temperatures is critical 2. **Critical Structural Elements:** Where failure consequences are severe 3. **High-Cycle Fatigue Applications:** Where improved toughness enhances fatigue life 4. **Thick Sections:** Where through-thickness toughness is paramount 5. **Welded Construction:** Where HAZ toughness is important 6. **Dynamic Loading:** Where impact resistance is crucial --- ## **7. Fabrication Guidelines** ### **Welding Procedures:** #### **Preheat Requirements:** | Thickness Range | Minimum Preheat | Recommended Range | Grade E Considerations | |-----------------|-----------------|-------------------|------------------------| | ≤ ¾ in (19 mm) | 150°C (300°F) | 150-200°C (300-400°F) | Essential for crack prevention | | ¾ to 1½ in (19-38 mm) | 175°C (350°F) | 175-225°C (350-440°F) | Maintains HAZ toughness | | 1½ to 2½ in (38-63.5 mm) | 200°C (400°F) | 200-250°C (400-480°F) | Critical for thick sections | | > 2½ in (>63.5 mm) | 225°C (440°F) | 225-275°C (440-530°F) | High restraint applications | #### **Interpass Temperature Control:** - **Maximum Interpass:** 250°C (480°F) - **Optimal Range:** 150-230°C (300-450°F) for best toughness - **Monitoring:** Continuous for critical welds #### **Filler Metal Selection:** - **SMAW:** E11018, E12018, E8018-C3 for maximum toughness - **FCAW:** E111T1-K3, E121T1-K3, E81T1-Ni2 for low-temperature - **SAW:** F12A8-EL12, F13A2-EM12K, F9A0-EA2-A2 for higher strength - **GMAW:** ER70S-6, ER80S-Ni2 for improved toughness - **Special Considerations:** May use Ni-bearing electrodes for maximum toughness matching #### **Post-Weld Heat Treatment:** - **Generally Not Required:** For most applications with proper procedures - **Optional Stress Relief:** 595-650°C (1100-1200°F) for highly restrained joints - **Critical:** PWHT temperature must not exceed original tempering temperature ### **Cutting & Machining:** - **Plasma Cutting:** Preferred for minimal HAZ - **Oxy-Fuel Cutting:** Requires controlled procedures with adequate preheat - **Laser Cutting:** Excellent for precision work - **Machining:** Carbide tools recommended; moderate speeds and feeds ### **Forming Operations:** - **Cold Forming:** Limited to simple bends with generous radii (≥5× thickness) - **Hot Forming:** Recommended at 870-925°C (1600-1700°F) - **Post-Forming Treatment:** May be required after hot forming - **Springback:** Significant due to high strength --- ## **8. Design Considerations** ### **Structural Design:** - **Allowable Stresses:** Typically 0.60 × yield strength (414 MPa / 60 ksi) - **Fatigue Design:** Enhanced over standard grades due to improved toughness - **Fracture Mechanics:** Superior fracture toughness allows more aggressive designs - **Connection Design:** Both welded and bolted connections suitable ### **Temperature Design Limits:** - **Minimum Design Temperature:** Can be as low as **-60°C (-76°F)** with proper testing - **Standard MDMT:** -20°F to -50°F (-29°C to -46°C) range typical - **Maximum Service Temperature:** ~400°C (750°F) for intermittent service - **For Extreme Conditions:** Specific testing and qualification recommended ### **Fracture Mechanics Advantages:** - **Higher Fracture Toughness:** Improved KIC and CTOD values - **Lower Transition Temperature:** Reduced ductile-brittle transition - **Better Crack Arrest:** Enhanced resistance to crack propagation - **Improved Fatigue Crack Growth:** Slower crack growth rates ### **Grade E Selection Justification:** 1. **Low-Temperature Requirement:** When service below -20°F (-29°C) is anticipated 2. **Critical Application:** Where consequences of failure are severe 3. **Dynamic Loading:** Where impact resistance is important 4. **Welded Construction:** Where HAZ properties are critical 5. **Thick Sections:** Where through-thickness toughness is needed ### **Economic Considerations:** - **Cost-Benefit Analysis:** Enhanced properties vs. cost premium - **Lifecycle Cost:** Potential for reduced maintenance and extended life - **Risk Reduction:** Lower probability of failure in critical applications - **Insurance Implications:** Often results in favorable insurance terms --- ## **9. Comparison with Other Grades** ### **Grade E vs. Grade B:** | Parameter | Grade E | Grade B | Grade E Advantages | |-----------|---------|---------|-------------------| | **Nickel Content** | 0.25-0.50% | 0.20-0.40% | Higher for enhanced toughness | | **Low-Temp Toughness** | Superior | Very good | Better for extreme cold | | **Typical Impact Test Temp** | -29°C to -60°C | -29°C typical | Wider low-temperature capability | | **Molybdenum** | 0.20-0.30% | 0.15-0.25% | Enhanced tempering resistance | | **Applications** | Critical low-temp | General enhanced | Grade E for most demanding conditions | ### **Grade E vs. European S690QL1:** | Aspect | A517 Grade E | S690QL1 (EN 10025-6) | Comparison | |--------|--------------|----------------------|------------| | **Yield Strength** | 690 MPa | 690 MPa | Same | | **Toughness Temperature** | -29°C to -60°C | -60°C standard | Similar capability | | **Chemistry Approach** | B-added with enhanced Ni | Higher Mn, Ni, Mo, V, Ti, Nb | Different but both effective | | **Standard Philosophy** | North American optimized | European normalized approach | Regional preferences | | **Thickness Range** | Up to 63.5 mm full | Up to 100 mm full | S690QL1 better for very thick | ### **Grade E vs. A517 Grade F:** | Consideration | Grade E | Grade F (Typical) | Selection Guidance | |---------------|---------|-------------------|-------------------| | **Yield Strength** | 690 MPa | 690 MPa | Same | | **Toughness** | Excellent | Superior | Grade F for most critical | | **Chemistry** | Optimized Ni-enhanced | Specialized, often higher alloy | Grade F more specialized | | **Availability** | Good | May be limited | Grade E more readily available | | **Cost** | Moderate premium | Higher premium | Grade E more economical | ### **Grade E vs. A537 Class 2:** | Factor | A517 Grade E | A537 Class 2 | Application Differences | |--------|--------------|--------------|------------------------| | **Yield Strength** | 690 MPa | 485 MPa | Grade E 42% stronger | | **Toughness** | Excellent | Excellent | Both very good | | **Heat Treatment** | Q&T | Q&T | Similar | | **Cost** | Higher | Lower | A537 more economical | | **Best For** | High-strength, low-temp | Lower strength, critical low-temp | Strength requirement dictates | --- ## **10. Quality Control & Certification** ### **Enhanced Testing Requirements:** | Test | Method | Grade E Requirements | Frequency | |------|--------|----------------------|-----------| | **Chemical Analysis** | ASTM E415 | Full including precise Ni content | Per heat | | **Tensile Testing** | ASTM A370 | Longitudinal and transverse | Per heat treatment charge | | **Charpy V-Notch** | ASTM A370 | At specified low temperature(s) | Per heat treatment charge | | **Hardness Survey** | ASTM E10/E18 | Across width and through thickness | Per plate or lot | | **Ultrasonic Testing** | ASTM A578 | Often required for critical apps | Per plate | ### **Special Requirements for Grade E:** 1. **Nickel Verification:** Must confirm 0.25-0.50% range 2. **Enhanced Impact Testing:** Typically at lower temperatures than standard grades 3. **Microcleanliness:** Stringent inclusion control often specified 4. **Grain Size Verification:** ASTM 7 or finer typically required 5. **Additional Testing:** May include CTOD or other fracture mechanics tests ### **Certification & Documentation:** - **Comprehensive MTC:** Including all mechanical tests at specified temperatures - **Heat Treatment Records:** Complete time-temperature documentation - **Impact Test Reports:** Full Charpy data at multiple temperatures if specified - **Traceability:** Complete from melt to finished product - **Third-Party Verification:** Common for critical applications ### **Industry Acceptance:** - **ASME Code:** Fully approved for Section VIII construction - **API Standards:** Accepted with proper documentation - **Major Engineering Firms:** Typically approved for critical applications - **International Projects:** May require additional testing to local standards --- **Technical Summary:** ASTM A517 Grade E represents an optimized, nickel-enhanced variant of the 100 ksi yield strength quenched and tempered alloy steel family, specifically engineered for applications requiring superior toughness, particularly at low temperatures. With its controlled nickel content (0.25-0.50%) and balanced alloying approach, Grade E offers excellent fracture resistance while maintaining the high strength and good weldability characteristic of "T-1" type steels. This grade is particularly suitable for critical applications in cold climates, dynamic loading conditions, or where enhanced reliability is paramount. While commanding a modest price premium over standard grades, Grade E provides excellent value for applications where its enhanced properties can be fully utilized or where the consequences of material failure would be severe. The material finds optimal application in critical structural components for construction equipment operating in cold environments, energy infrastructure in arctic regions, and specialized pressure vessels requiring both high strength and excellent low-temperature toughness. Proper specification should include appropriate impact testing requirements, typically at reduced temperatures, to ensure the material meets specific application needs. Grade E stands as a premium option within the 100 ksi steel family, offering proven performance in the most demanding applications where both strength and toughness are critical requirements. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A517 Low Alloy Steel, Grade E Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <6027 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: ASTM A517 Low Alloy Steel, Grade E Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Spherical ASTM A517 Low Alloy Steel Powder, Grade E Particle Size Description -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Applications of Spherical ASTM A517 Low Alloy Steel Powder, Grade E -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Applications of ASTM A517 Low Alloy Steel Spherical Powder, Grade E -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers ASTM A517 Low Alloy Steel Spherical Powder, Grade E -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of ASTM A517 Low Alloy Steel Spherical Powder, Grade E -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Spherical Powder drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 2498 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition