Spherical Crucible Steel Powder CPM® Rex® 76®(HS), AISI M48 High Speed Steel Powder Rex® 76®(HS)

Crucible Steel Spherical Powder CPM® Rex® 76®(HS), AISI M48 High Speed Steel Spherical Powder Rex® 76®(HS) Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Crucible Steel Spherical Powder CPM® Rex® 76®(HS), AISI M48 High Speed Steel Spherical Powder Rex® 76®(HS) Synonyms -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical Crucible Steel Powder CPM® Rex® 76®(HS), AISI M48 High Speed Steel Powder Rex® 76®(HS) characteristics -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical Crucible Steel Powder CPM® Rex® 76®(HS), AISI M48 High Speed Steel Powder Rex® 76®(HS) Particle Size -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- -:- 0-15μm ,5-25μm, 15-45μm, 15-53μm,20-63um, 45-75μm, 45-105μm, 45-150μm ,75-150μm. (Various granularities can be customized according to customer requirements) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Spherical Crucible Steel Powder CPM® Rex® 76®(HS), AISI M48 High Speed Steel Powder Rex® 76®(HS) Applicable processes -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Laser/electron beam additive manufacturing (SLM/EBM, 3D printing) Direct laser deposition (DLD) Used in thermal spray (TSA) Powder hot isostatic pressing (HIP) Metal injection molding (MIM) Powder metallurgy (PM) Laser cladding (LC), etc. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Spherical Crucible Steel Powder CPM® Rex® 76®(HS), AISI M48 High Speed Steel Powder Rex® 76®(HS) Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Crucible Steel CPM® Rex® 76®(HS), AISI M48 High Speed Steel Rex® 76®(HS) Product Information -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: # **Product Introduction: Crucible CPM® REX® 76® (HS) High Speed Steel** Crucible CPM® REX® 76® (HS) represents the pinnacle of modern super high-speed steel technology, serving as the premium particle metallurgy (PM) equivalent of the classic AISI M48 grade. It is engineered to deliver an **extraordinary combination of extreme hardness, exceptional wear resistance, and superior hot hardness (red hardness)**, pushing the boundaries of what is achievable with high-speed steel. Designed for the most demanding machining applications, this material excels where other high-speed steels fail—particularly in the high-speed machining of high-temperature alloys, hardened steels, and highly abrasive composite materials. Manufactured via Crucible's proprietary CPM (Crucible Particle Metallurgy) process, REX 76 features an ultra-fine, homogeneous microstructure that completely eliminates the carbide segregation and banding inherent in conventional ingot-cast M48. This results in dramatically improved **transverse toughness, enhanced grindability, superior dimensional stability during heat treatment, and consistent, isotropic performance** in all directions. REX 76 is the definitive choice for maximizing productivity and tool life in extreme cutting environments. --- ## **1. Chemical Composition (Weight %)** REX 76 utilizes a high-cobalt, high-vanadium, high-carbon alloy design to achieve peak performance across multiple metrics. It is compositionally aligned with AISI M48 specifications but benefits from the precise control of PM processing. | **Element** | **Carbon (C)** | **Tungsten (W)** | **Molybdenum (Mo)** | **Chromium (Cr)** | **Vanadium (V)** | **Cobalt (Co)** | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Content** | **1.45 - 1.55** | 9.50 - 10.50 | 3.00 - 3.50 | 3.50 - 4.00 | 2.75 - 3.25 | 8.50 - 9.50 | | **Role** | Provides the essential carbon for forming massive volumes of hard carbides, enabling ultra-high attainable hardness (up to 70 HRC). | Primary contributor to hot hardness and secondary hardening; provides solid-solution strengthening. | Enhances hardenability and tempering resistance; works synergistically with tungsten. | Ensures deep and uniform hardenability; provides moderate oxidation resistance. | Forms a high volume of extremely hard vanadium carbides (VC), delivering **exceptional abrasion resistance**. | **Critical element** that dramatically increases hot hardness by strengthening the ferrite matrix, allowing the tool to maintain its cutting edge at extreme temperatures. | *Note: Iron (Fe) constitutes the remainder. This composition is optimized to maximize both wear resistance and red hardness simultaneously.* --- ## **2. Physical & Mechanical Properties** *Typical properties after optimal heat treatment to 67-70 HRC.* * **Density:** ~8.30 g/cm³ (0.300 lb/in³) * **Modulus of Elasticity:** ~215 GPa (31.2 x 10⁶ psi) * **Thermal Conductivity:** Moderate; cobalt content aids in some heat transfer from the cutting edge. * **Hot Hardness (Red Hardness):** **Exceptional.** Maintains a hardness above 63 HRC at temperatures exceeding **620°C (1150°F)**, outperforming most commercial high-speed steels. This allows for significantly higher cutting speeds in tough materials. * **Hardness (Typical Working Range):** **67 - 70 HRC.** Commonly applied at **68-69 HRC** to achieve a near-perfect balance of wear resistance and managed toughness. It is one of the few commercial steels capable of reliably reaching 70 HRC. * **Abrasion Resistance:** **Outstanding.** The combination of high carbon (~1.5%), high vanadium (~3%), and ultra-high final hardness results in wear resistance that surpasses that of conventional M42 and approaches dedicated high-wear PM grades. * **Toughness:** **Good for its performance category.** The CPM process provides **significantly higher and more consistent toughness** than conventionally processed M48. While lower than tougher grades like M2 or M4, its toughness is remarkably high given its extreme hardness and wear characteristics. * **Grindability:** **Fair to Difficult.** The high hardness and vanadium carbide content necessitate proper grinding practices. **CBN (Cubic Boron Nitride) wheels are strongly recommended** for finishing and sharpening hardened tools. --- ## **3. Heat Treatment** Precision heat treatment is non-negotiable for achieving REX 76's legendary performance. * **Annealing:** Heat to 870-900°C (1600-1650°F), slow cool at ≤15°C/hr to 600°C. Annealed hardness: 280-330 HB. * **Stress Relieving (After Machining):** 650-700°C (1200-1290°F), hold 2 hours, slow cool. * **Preheating:** **Mandatory.** Use a thorough **double preheat**: First at 540-650°C (1000-1200°F), then at 815-870°C (1500-1600°F). * **Austenitizing:** **1190-1220°C (2175-2230°F).** The standard recommended range is **1200-1210°C (2190-2210°F)**. Temperature must be tightly controlled—higher temperatures maximize wear resistance and hardness but reduce toughness. * **Quenching:** **Gas/Pressure quenching** (vacuum or controlled atmosphere) is strongly preferred for optimal dimensional stability. Air quenching is acceptable for simple geometries. * **Tempering:** **Multiple Tempers Are Required.** Temper immediately after quenching. **Minimum of three tempers**, each for 2 hours, is standard. **Typical tempering range: 540-560°C (1005-1040°F).** A very strong secondary hardening response is observed. * **Sub-Zero Treatment:** **Highly recommended** (-80°C to -100°C / -112°F to -148°F) between quenching and the first temper to maximize transformation of retained austenite, ensuring peak hardness and stability. --- ## **4. Key Applications** CPM REX 76 is engineered for the most severe, high-value machining operations where tool performance is critical to profitability. * **High-Speed Machining of Superalloys:** End mills, drills, and reamers for aerospace components made from Inconel, Waspaloy, and titanium alloys. * **Hard Machining / Die & Mold Making:** Finishing end mills and ball-nose cutters for machining pre-hardened mold steels (50-55 HRC) and hardened tool steels. * **High-Performance Gear Manufacturing:** Premium gear hobs and shaper cutters for producing high-strength, precision gears. * **Machining Abrasive Composites:** Cutting tools for carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP), fiberglass, and other abrasive advanced materials. * **Premium Cutting Tools for Production:** High-volume turning inserts, form tools, and broaches where extreme tool life and process stability are required. --- ## **5. International Standards & Cross-References** CPM REX 76 is the proprietary PM version of the AISI M48 specification. * **AISI/SAE:** **M48** * **UNS:** T11348 * **ISO:** No direct ISO equivalent. Falls under the general category of high-cobalt high-speed steels. * **European (EN):** No direct EN equivalent. Similar in concept to proprietary "HS (High Speed)" grades with high cobalt and vanadium. * **Japanese (JIS):** **SKH57** is a similar high-cobalt, high-hardness high-speed steel. * **Common Trade Names:** PM M48, CPM M48, "Super M48." Often benchmarked against other PM super high-speed steels like Böhler S590 or similar grades. --- ## **6. Advantages & Limitations** **Advantages:** * **Unmatched Hardness Capability:** Can reliably achieve 68-70 HRC, providing extreme wear resistance. * **Superior Hot Hardness:** Maintains cutting edge integrity at very high temperatures, enabling faster machining speeds. * **Excellent Wear & Toughness Balance:** The CPM process delivers a toughness level unattainable in conventional M48 at equivalent hardness. * **CPM Microstructure Benefits:** Enhanced grindability, dimensional stability, and isotropic properties compared to ingot M48. **Limitations:** * **High Cost:** Premium pricing due to high cobalt/vanadium content and PM processing. * **Grinding Challenges:** Requires dedicated equipment (CBN) and expertise for regrinding. * **Demanding Heat Treatment:** Requires precise, high-temperature furnace capabilities and strict process control. * **Targeted Application:** Its full potential and cost-effectiveness are realized only in specific, severe applications. --- ## **7. Summary** **Crucible CPM REX 76 (HS) is a state-of-the-art super high-speed steel that defines the upper limit of performance for commercial cutting tool materials.** By leveraging particle metallurgy to perfect the AISI M48 chemistry, it delivers an unprecedented combination of ultra-high hardness, exceptional red hardness, and usable toughness. This makes it an indispensable tool material for aerospace, precision mold & die, and high-performance manufacturing sectors where pushing the boundaries of speed, feed, and tool life directly translates to competitive advantage. It is not merely a material but a productivity solution for the most challenging machining tasks on the planet. -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Crucible Steel CPM® Rex® 76®(HS), AISI M48 High Speed Steel Rex® 76®(HS) Specification Dimensions Size： Diameter 20-1000 mm Length <6957 mm Size:We can customized as required Standard： Per your request or drawing We can customized as required Properties（Theoretical） Chemical Composition -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Crucible Steel CPM® Rex® 76®(HS), AISI M48 High Speed Steel Rex® 76®(HS) Properties -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Spherical Crucible Steel Powder CPM® Rex® 76®(HS), AISI M48 High Speed Steel Powder Rex® 76®(HS) Particle Size Description -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Applications of Spherical Crucible Steel Powder CPM® Rex® 76®(HS), AISI M48 High Speed Steel Powder Rex® 76®(HS) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Applications of Crucible Steel Spherical Powder CPM® Rex® 76®(HS), AISI M48 High Speed Steel Spherical Powder Rex® 76®(HS) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Chemical Identifiers Crucible Steel Spherical Powder CPM® Rex® 76®(HS), AISI M48 High Speed Steel Spherical Powder Rex® 76®(HS) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -:

Packing of Crucible Steel Spherical Powder CPM® Rex® 76®(HS), AISI M48 High Speed Steel Spherical Powder Rex® 76®(HS) -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Standard Packing: -:- For detailed product information, please contact sales. -: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and Steel Spherical Powder drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 3428 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request. E FORUs’ is carefully handled to minimize damage during storage and transportation and to preserve the quality of our products in their original condition